BACKGROUND AND AIM: The plasma atherogenic index (AIP) and atherogenic coefficient (AC) have been reported to be significantly higher in patients with depression and bipolar disorder compared to a healthy control group. This study aims to evaluate AIP, Castelli Risk Index (CRI), and AC in patients with Panic Disorder (PD) and compare them with a healthy control group. METHODS: This case-control study was conducted between December 18, 2024, and February 1, 2025, with 54 PD patients receiving active treatment and 53 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The disease duration of PD patients included in the study ranged from 3 months to 2 years. In all participants, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), AIP, AC, and CRI were evaluated. The study was approved by the Adıyaman University Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee (Decision No: 2024/10-2, dated 17/12/2024). RESULTS: The mean cholesterol level in the case group (184.63 ± 54.21 mg/dL) was significantly higher than in the control group (166.92 ± 33.57 mg/dL) (t = 2.027, p = 0.045). Similarly, the mean LDL level in the case group (109.98 ± 31.31 mg/dL) was higher than in the control group (98.53 ±
25.97 mg/dL) (t = 2.057, p = 0.042). The mean PD severity score was 15.76 ± 5.53. Significant positive correlations were found between PD severity and AC (r = 0.307, p < 0.05) and CRI-I (r = 0.320, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that increases in AC and CRI-I were positively associated with PD severity, whereas other parameters had no significant effect. There was no significant difference between the case and control groups in terms of PAI, CRI or AC. It is recommended that PD patients should be monitored more frequently and closely for cardiovascular disease risk.
BACKGROUND AND AIM:Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by attention deficit, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Recent studies suggest hoarding behavior is more common in ADHD patients, though influencing factors remain unclear. In the current study, we aimed to examine the relationship between hoarding behavior and attention deficit, impulsivity and executive function deficits and the relationship between quality of life and hoarding behavior in patients with ADHD. METHODS (Ethics Committee Approval must be obtained and the number should be specified.):The study sample was selected from patients diagnosed with ADHD according to DSM-5 diagnostic criteria and healthy controls. Sociodemographic data form, SCID-5, Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale (ASRS), Barratt Impulsivity Scale Short Form (BIS-11-SF), Saving Inventory-Revised (SI-R), Adult Executive Functions Inventory (ADEXI) and World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale Short Form (WHOQOL-BREF) were used as data collection tools. Ethics committee decision number: 736, ethics committee date: 01.08.2024 (Istanbul Medipol University) RESULTS:A total of 180 participants (90 ADHD, 90 controls) were analyzed. SI-R scores (p<0.001) were higher in the patient group than in healthy controls and 2 patients were diagnosed with hoarding disorder. SI-R scores were correlated with ASRS inattention (p<0.001), ASRS hyperactivity/impulsivity (p=0.002), BIS-11-SF (p=0.001), and ADEXI scores (p=0.001), but the
main predictor was inattention (p<0.001). In the patient group, SI-R scores were found to be the main predictor of WHOQOL-BREF physical and environmental sub-dimension scores (p=0.001, p=0.017, respectively), SI-R and ASRS attention deficit scores were significant in predicting WHOQOL-BREF psychological sub-dimension scores (p=0.037, p=0.015, respectively), and the scores examined in predicting WHOQOL-BREF social sub-dimension scores were not statistically significant (p=0.167). CONCLUSIONS:Our findings showed that hoarding behavior was more common in the ADHD patient group and was associated with low quality of life, and it was shown that hoarding behavior is a phenomenon that should be evaluated during the monitoring process of patients.
BACKGROUND AND AIM:Natural disasters are major life events that can lead to severe mental health problems. Among these, earthquakes are one of the most significant disasters with mass impact. Although the primary victims are those directly affected in the earthquake zone, individuals who travel to provide aid, those who witness traumatic events through mass media, and individuals with loved ones in the affected region may also experience earthquake-related psychological distress (1). Mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are commonly observed post-earthquake. In addition to diagnostic categories, post-earthquake social adaptation problems, grief reactions, and uncategorized traumatic experiences may also occur. Challenging life events, such as earthquakes, can have varying levels of impact on individuals due to different social and psychological conditions (2). The reaction of an individual to such stressors is influenced by external factors such as the magnitude, frequency, and timing of the trauma, as well as by personal resilience (3,4). There are also studies that have examined the role of individual resilience in mental disorders. Some studies suggest that resilience serves as a protective factor against mental illness, while others indicate a multidimensional relationship between resilience and mental health (5,6). The psychosocial effects of an earthquake can persist in the long term (7,8). By conducting this study approximately one year after the earthquake, we aim to assess whether individuals' concerns and fears regarding the earthquake persist despite the resolution of its acute effects. This study investigates the effects of individual resilience and sociodemographic differences on post-earthquake traumatic experiences and earthquake-related fear. We aimed to compare
resilience, post-earthquake traumatic experiences, and earthquake fear between psychiatric patients who had previously been diagnosed with depression or anxiety disorders (currently in remission) and healthy individuals with no prior psychiatric illness. METHODS (Ethics Committee Approval must be obtained and the number should be specified.):Patients who volunteered to participate in the study and signed an informed consent form were recruited from a psychiatric outpatient clinic. The inclusion criteria required participants to have been diagnosed with depression or anxiety disorder more than one year prior and to be clinically in remission, as confirmed by the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D). Participants completed the Sociodemographic and Clinical Data Form, the Fear of Earthquake Scale (FES), the Level of the Trauma after the Earthquake (TAES) Scale, and the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA). The psychiatric patient group was compared with a control group consisting of individuals with no psychiatric diagnosis or treatment history, verified through a brief psychiatric interview. The study included a total of 59 patients, consisting of 37 cases with remitted anxiety disorder and 22 cases of remitted depression, and 59 healthy controls. Ethical approval was obtained with the decision of Fırat University Non-Interventional Research Ethics Committee dated 01.08.2024 and numbered 2024/11-41. RESULTS:Pairwise comparisons revealed that the depression group had significantly lower median scores on RSA total (p=0.019), family cohesion subscale (p=0.012), and self-perception subscale (p=0.005) compared to the control group. Additionally, the depression group had significantly higher median scores on FES (p=0.026), TAES (p=0.012), BAI (p<0.001), and HAM-D (p=0.001) compared to the control group. Pearson correlation analysis showed a statistically significant positive correlation between FES and BAI scores in the psychiatric population (r=0.273, p=0.036). A statistically significant negative correlation was found between TAES scores and RSA (r=-0.263, p=0.044) as well as self-perception (r=-0.263, p=0.044) scores. Additionally, TAES scores were positively correlated with BAI scores (r=0.589, p<0.001). Hierarchical linear regression analysis revealed that RSA scores were not significant predictors of FES scores in the psychiatric population (F=0.01, p=0.924) (Table 1). However, when BAI and HAM-D scores were added to the regression Model 1, 15% of the variance in FES scores was significantly explained by RSA, BAI, and HAM-D scores (F=3.17, p=0.032). In the final Model 2, only BAI (p=0.010, CI: 0.050-0.353) and HAM-D (p=0.048, CI: -2.158 to -0.010) scores were significant predictors of FES scores (table1). In the control group, RSA scores were not significant predictors of FES scores (F=3.04, p=0.087). However, when BAI scores were added to Model 1 of the control group, 20% of the variance in FES scores was significantly explained by RSA and BAI scores (F=6.77, p=0.002). In Model 2 for the control group, only BAI scores (p=0.002, CI: 0.085-0.379) were significant predictors of FES scores (table1). Hierarchical linear regression analysis showed that 7% of the variance in TAES scores in the psychiatric population was significantly explained by RSA scores (F=4.24, p=0.044)(table2). When BAI and HAM-D scores were added to Model 1, 39% of the variance in TAES scores was significantly explained by RSA, BAI, and HAM-D scores (F=11.47, p<0.001). In Model 2, only BAI scores (p<0.001, CI: 0.484-1.082) were significant predictors of TAES scores (table2). In the healthy control group, 6% of the variance in TAES scores was significantly explained by RSA scores (F=4.44, p=0.040). When BAI scores were added to Model 1, 30% of the variance in TAES scores was significantly explained by RSA and BAI scores (F=13.26, p<0.001). In Model 2, only BAI scores (p<0.001, CI: 0.327-0.846) were significant predictors of TAES scores (table2). CONCLUSIONS:A negative correlation was found between psychological resilience scores and
both earthquake fear and post-earthquake traumatic experience scores (p<0.05). However, hierarchical linear regression analysis in TAES P2 model showed that while resilience was initially associated with traumatic experience scores, this relationship lost its significance when anxiety and depression scores were included in the analysis (F=11.47, p<0.001)(table2). Therefore, psychiatrists should consider individual resilience when addressing post-earthquake mental health, but prioritize assessing and managing depression and anxiety symptoms. This is a promising result, when considering the fact that psychological resilience is harder to ameliorate compared to depression and anxiety in the clinical setting.
REFERENCES:1. Tominaga, Y., Goto, T., Shelby, J., Oshio, A., Nishi, D., & Takahashi, S. (2020). Secondary trauma and posttraumatic growth among mental health clinicians involved in disaster relief activities following the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami in Japan. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 33(4), 427447. https://doi.org/[DOI] 2. Bowman, M. L. (2013). Individual differences in posttraumatic response: Problems with the adversity-distress connection. Routledge. 3. Ikizer, G., Karanci, A. N., & Doğulu, C. (2016). Exploring factors associated with psychological resilience among earthquake survivors from Turkey. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 21(5), 384398. https://doi.org/[DOI] 4. Ramirez, M., & Peek-Asa, C. (2005). Epidemiology of traumatic injuries from earthquakes. Epidemiologic Reviews, 27(1), 4755. https://doi.org/[DOI] 5. Smith, P. R. (2009). Resilience: Resistance factor for depressive symptom. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 16(10), 829837. https://doi.org/[DOI] 6. Rutten, B. P. F., Hammels, C., Geschwind, N., Menne-Lothmann, C., Pishva, E., Schruers, K., van den Hove, D., Kenis, G., van Os, J., & Wichers, M. (2013). Resilience in mental health: Linking psychological and neurobiological perspectives. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 128(1), 320. https://doi.org/[DOI] 7. Bell, C. J., Frampton, C. M., Colhoun, H. C., Douglas, K. M., McIntosh, V. V., Carter, F. A., Jordan, J., Carter, J. D., Smith, R. A., Marie, L. M., Loughlin, A., & Porter, R. J. (2019). Earthquake brain: Impairment of spatial memory following long-term earthquake-related stress. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 53(1), 3747. https://doi.org/[DOI] 8. Ripoll Gallardo, A., Pacelli, B., Alesina, M., Serrone, D., Iacutone, G., Faggiano, F., Della Corte, F., & Allara, E. (2018). Medium- and long-term health effects of earthquakes in high-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Epidemiology, 47(4), 13171332. https://doi.org/[DOI]
BACKGROUND AND AIM:This study aimed to investigate the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients with Schizophrenia or Psychotic Disorders who were monitored for at least six months at the SBÜ İzmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital Community Mental Health Center (CMHC) and referred for inpatient treatment at İzmir City Hospital. METHODS [For our current research, ethical approval has been obtained from İzmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital with the decision number 2025/10.|]The study included 30 patients aged 18-65 years who were followed at the CMHC for at least six months. Data from patients hospitalized between May 1, 2024, and November 1, 2024, were retrospectively analyzed using a structured form. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores were assessed during the first and last weeks of hospitalization. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0, and paired sample t-tests evaluated PANSS scores (p<0.05). RESULTS:The mean age of patients was 41.4±10.63 years, with an average CMHC follow-up of 2.16±2.59 years and illness duration of 8.21±8.56 years. Most patients (90%) lived with family, while 10% lived alone. Diagnoses included Schizophrenia (53.3%) and Psychotic Disorders (46.7%). Before hospitalization, 73.3% discontinued medication, and 93.3% were on polypharmacy. Long-acting injectable antipsychotics were used by 76.7% during hospitalization. PANSS positive symptom scores significantly decreased from 23.33 at admission to 20.23 at discharge (t=3.046, p=0.005). General psychopathology scores improved (t=2.223, p=0.034), but negative symptom scores showed no significant change (t=1.383, p=0.177). Total PANSS scores dropped from 86.66 to 76.53 (t=2.564, p=0.016). CONCLUSIONS:Since 2009,CMHCs have been established in our country for the treatment of mental illnesses and psychosocial support. The aim of these centers is to improve the treatment processes by enhancing patients' psychosocial support.. CMHCs are essential for post-discharge follow-up and addressing caregiver needs. Limitations include the retrospective design and lack of data on the frequency of CMHC service utilization.
Zeynep İnce, Oğuzhan Bekir Eğilmez, Esra İnan Doğan
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BACKGROUND AND AIM:Based on the fact that traumatic events such as earthquakes do not affect everyone in the same way, the main research question of our study was whether individuals with psychosomatic diseases like psoriasis are affected by earthquakes in the same way as those without such diseases.In our study, we aimed to compare the level of impact of the February 6, 2023 earthquakes on psoriasis patients with that of a healthy control group affected by the earthquake. METHODS (Ethics Committee Approval must be obtained and the number should be specified.):Ethical approval for the research was obtained from the Adıyaman University Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee (Decision number: 19/03/2024, date: 2024/3-3). This cross-sectional and comparative study was conducted through face-to-face interviews with psoriasis patients affected by the February 6, 2023, earthquakes and healthy individuals affected by the earthquake, who visited the dermatology outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital located in Adıyaman, one of the provinces affected by the earthquake, between April and August 2024. Data for the study were collected using Sociodemographic questions, the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). RESULTS:It was found that the education and employment status of psoriasis patients were significantly lower than the control group (p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively). A statistically significant negative correlation was found between age and depression, anxiety, sleep quality in psoriasis patients (r:-0.285; p:0.008, r:-0.302; p=0.005, r:-0.307; p=0.004, respectively). CONCLUSIONS:It was concluded that there was no significant difference in the severity levels of depression, anxiety, PTSD, and sleep disorders between psoriasis patients and healthy controls. It was found that as age increased in psoriasis patients, the severity of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and PTSD symptoms decreased. Early diagnosis of mental disorders through collaboration with psychiatric clinics in individuals with psychodermatological diseases like psoriasis, affected by the earthquake, may positively impact the success of treatment.
Süheyla Sena Şahin, Betül Yıldırım, Peter McKenna, Abigail Gee, Keith Laws
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BACKGROUND AND AIM:Probabilistic reasoning bias (jumping to conclusions, JTC) has been studied in schizophrenia for over 30 years. While its presence in the disorder has been amply confirmed, some studies have failed to find evidence of an association with delusions, and its relationship to other aspects of the clinical picture remains uncertain. Given the publication of new studies (some of them large), an updated meta-analysis aimed at examining the relationship of JTC bias in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) to delusions, negative symptoms and cognitive function is justified. METHODS (Ethics Committee Approval must be obtained and the number should be specified.):Databases searched included PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global; the grey literature was also searched. Studies were required to be carried out on patients meeting diagnostic criteria for SSD, to use recognized tasks for assessing JTC (e.g the beads task) and to report scores for delusions, negative symptoms or cognitive function (as indexed by current IQ). This meta-analysis was preregistered on OSF, DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/89RTV, OSF project: osf.io/jec69 (ethics committee approval is not required for meta-analyses). RESULTS:After title/abstract screening, 2,746 of 2,947 records were excluded, leaving 201 reports for retrieval. Of these, 199 could be located, and 51 studies were considered includable after full text screening. There were 29 studies reporting on the association between JTC and delusions (with 7 more potentially includable, eg after requesting data from authors), 6 studies on the association with negative symptoms, and 5 (+ 2 more potentially includable) on the association with current IQ. Full meta-analytic findings will be presented. CONCLUSIONS:This study will provide an up-to-date overview of the relationship of JTC bias to key clinical and cognitive features of schizophrenia. Findings should help clarify the state vs trait characteristics of this reasoning bias.
BACKGROUND AND AIM Lithium is the gold standard for bipolar disorder treatment, but predicting response remains challenging. The monocyte/HDL ratio (MHR), a biomarker of inflammation and oxidative stress, has been studied in inflammation-related diseases. As inflammation's role in bipolar disorder gains support, higher MHR levels have been linked to disease severity. This study evaluates the effects of sociodemographic factors, clinical severity, and MHR on lithium response. METHODS This retrospective study included 97 bipolar disorder patients using lithium, meeting inclusion criteria, and visiting our hospital between 01.01.2024 and 01.12.2024. Sociodemographic data (gender, age, smoking status, education level), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), thyroid function tests, lithium levels, and MHR were recorded. Scales were administered during the last three months in the euthymic period. Based on the Alda Scale for Lithium Response, patients were classified as good (n=59) or poor responders (n=38). Groups were compared in terms of sociodemographic and clinical features, as well as MHR. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee (protocol code: 2024-TBEK 2025/01-08). RESULTS 33% of patients were male (n=32) and 67% were female (n=65), with a mean age of 41.1 ± 12.2 years. Gender, age, and smoking status showed no significant differences between groups. MHR did not predict lithium response, but regression analysis (R²=0.097, F=5.066, p=0.008) indicated MHR predicted HAM-D scores (B=100.753, p=0.009). A moderate negative correlation was found between Alda Scale and HAM-D (R=0.45, p<0.001). Logistic regression showed low education level and high HAM-D scores predicted poor response (p=0.004, x²=25.8, R²=31.7). CONCLUSIONS Subthreshold depressive symptoms may be linked to poor lithium response. Early assessment is crucial. MHR's potential as a biomarker for response prediction warrants further research
BACKGROUND AND AIM:The objective of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of trauma symptoms in individuals residing within the seismic region 18 months after the February 6th 2023, Maraş earthquake, and to examine the factors contributing to these symptoms. METHODS (Ethics Committee Approval must be obtained and the number should be specified.):The study included 339 participants who experienced the earthquake. The participants were administered sociodemographic data form, Traumatic Stress Symptom Scale(TSSC), and Earthquake Stress Coping Scale(ESCS). Ethical approval was obtained from NEU Ethics Committee(199-2024/5025). RESULTS:According to the TSSC, 20%(n:68) of the 339 participants were determined to have possible PTSD(pPTSD). In the pPTSD group, rate of damage or destruction in the home(p=0.003), rate of women(p=0.006), rate of loss of life in relatives(p=0.003), rate of property loss(p<0.001), and rate of receiving psychiatric support(p=0.012) were significantly higher. The pPTSD group demonstrated significantly lower positive reappraisal(p<0.001) and seeking social support(p=0.018) subscores compared to the non-PTSD group. TSSC scores were negatively correlated with positive reappraisal(r=-0.26, p<0.001), seeking social support(r=0.14, p=0.01), and religious coping(r=-0.19, p=0.03) subscores of the ESCS among all participants. Regression analyses revealed that the presence of long-term pPTSD was predicted with being female(Exp(B)=2.1, p=0.02), loss of life in relatives(Exp(B)=1.84, p=0.49), property loss(Exp(B)=2.26, p=0.01), and the need for psychiatric support(Exp(B)=2.59, p=0. 002). Additionally, positive reappraisal(Exp(B)=1.12, p=0.006) and seeking social support(Exp(B)=1.14, p=0.03) coping mechanisms were shown to decrease the risk of developing pPTSD. CONCLUSIONS:Current research suggest that traumatic symptoms may persist long after major natural disasters. Consequently, the provision of psychological support services, the enhancement of social support networks, and the dissemination of stress management methods following disasters such as earthquakes should be sustained over an extended period in high-risk regions. It is anticipated that the findings of this study will serve as a guide for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers, facilitating the development of effective strategies for the management of post-disaster mental health needs.
Sena Inal Azizoglu, Hasan Mervan Aytac, Kubra Katioglu, Alper Gümüs
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BACKGROUND AND AIM: Existing literature suggests a potential predictive role of inflammatory parameters in individuals diagnosed with psychosis. This study aims to investigate the diagnostic and predictive value of clinical and inflammatory markers in the development of psychosis among individuals presenting to our clinic with methamphetamine use. METHODS: Patients presenting with methamphetamine use were included in this study. Participants were divided into two groups according to the development of psychosis: Group 1 (with psychosis development), Group 2 (without psychosis development). Demographic data such as age, gender, alcohol and tobacco use, hemogram and biochemical parameters, and inflammation markers such as Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio(NLR), Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio(PLR), Absolute Granulocyte Count Ratio(AGR), Systemic Immune Inflammation Index(SII), Systemic Inflammation Response Index(SIRI), and presepsin levels were evaluated. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the predictive value of these parameters in the development of psychosis and to create a predictive model. Ethics committee approval was obtained from Çam and Sakura City Hospital (KAEK/13.12.2023.646). RESULTS: The study population comprised Group 1(n=41) and Group 2(n=19). The average age of participants was 32 years, with 90%(n=54) being male. A significant proportion of the participants reported a history of tobacco use (90%,n=54), while 53.3%(n=32) reported a history of alcohol use. Significant differences were found between the groups in PANSS-P(p<0.001), PANSS-N(p=0.003), PANSS-G(p=0.002), and PANSS-Total(p<0.001) scores. Group 1 exhibited higher mean scores across all subscales and the total score. Univariate analysis revealed significant associations for smoking(OR:14.28,p=0.020), WBC>10.5(OR:18.9,p=0.006), and HGB>15.8(OR:9.3,p=0.038). Multivariate analysis confirmed WBC>10.5(OR:13.4,p=0.018).No difference was found in terms of presepsin levels. The limitation of this study is the difference in sample size between the two groups due to variations in hospitalization rates. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the significant role of clinical and inflammatory markers in predicting psychosis development among individuals using methamphetamine.Elevated WBC (>10.5)emerged as an independent predictor in multivariate analysis, underscoring its diagnostic value.
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Stigmatization in schizophrenia negatively impacts quality of life and disease progression. Internalized stigma, wherein patients incorporate societal prejudices into their self-concept, can exacerbate symptoms, hinder treatment adherence, and reduce social functioning. Traditional assessments may not fully capture these subjective experiences. The Pictorial Representation of Illness and Self Measure Revised II (PRISM-RII) offers a visual, easy-to-apply, and practical tool to assess both perceived illness burden and internalized stigma. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of PRISM-RII in measuring internalized stigmatization among patients with schizophrenia. METHODS: Fifty-three patients with schizophrenia were recruited from the outpatient clinic of Bakırköy Prof.Dr. Mazhar Osman Training and Research Hospital. Participants provided informed consent and completed a sociodemographic form, PANSS, the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Inventory(ISMI), and PRISM-RII. Ethical approval was obtained from the Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital Ethics Committee(decision number 2020-14-14). RESULTS: Of 53 participants, 16 were women(30.2%), with a mean age of 38.7±11.5 and illness duration of 14.8±9.6 years. Regarding disc size selection representing illness, 24 participants (45.3%) chose the small disc, 14(26.4%) the medium disc, and 15(28.3%) the large disc. Total ISMI scores differed significantly across disc sizes(Kruskal-Wallis-H(2)=15.44,p<0.001). Post-hoc analyses showed that those selecting the small disc had lower ISMI scores compared to medium and large disc groups, with no significant difference between the latter two. A negative correlation was found between Self-Illness Separation(SIS) values and ISMI(r=-0,39,p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: PRISM-RII effectively assesses internalized stigma in schizophrenia. The correlation between disc size selection and ISMI scores suggests that patients with higher stigma levels perceive their illness as more central to their identity. The negative correlation between SIS values and stigma levels highlights PRISM-RIIs potential to capture the nuanced relationship between self-perception and illness. Visual tools like PRISM-RII may enhance clinicians' understanding of stigma's psychological impact, aiding in more personalized treatment strategies.
Büşra Başer Özkoç, Ümmü Nur Kaya Tan, Ali Erdoğan, Sercan Karabulut, Buket Cinemre, Hüseyin Kara
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BACKGROUND AND AIM:It is reported that the mental health of individuals with gambling disorder is negatively affected (1). This study aimed to investigate the frequency of gambling behavior (GB) in society and the relationship between GB and suicide probability and hopelessness. METHODS : This cross-sectional study was conducted via an online survey and 1057 people were reached through a community-based random sample. South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) and Suicide Probability Scale (SPS) were applied to all participants. Ethics committee approval was received on 02.01.2025 with the decision number TBAEK-44. RESULTS:The mean age of all participants is 37.45±11.34 (min: 18-max: 71) years. 48.0% are female (n=507). 30.7% of the participants (n=325) stated that they played at least one gambling game (casino, lottery, betting, etc.). The rate of pathological gambling, based on the SOGS cutoff score, is 4.9% (n=52). Those who gamble show significantly higher scores on the BHS and SPS compared to non-gamblers (p<0.001 for both). Pathological gamblers also have higher BHS and SPS scores than non-pathological gamblers (p<0.001 for both). In the multivariate linear regression analysis, factors that predict SOGS scores include a history of legal issues (OR=0.55, p=0.06), smoking history (OR=0.73, p<0.001), SPS score (OR=0.04, p<0.001), family gambling history (OR=0.73, p<0.001), and a history of suicide attempts (OR=1.19, p=0.002). ¤] CONCLUSIONS:As a result of our study, it can be said that individuals with GB have more hopelessness and suicide probability. Similarly, in the literature, it is reported that adults with GB have a high risk of suicide. We think that the risk of suicide is an important problem in individuals with GB. Considering the rapid increase in gambling addiction in recent years, suicide is an important problem in these patients and should be evaluated in detail in each patient.
BACKGROUND AND AIM:Our study aims to investigate serum BDNF levels and BDNF rs6265 (Val66Met) polymorphism in individuals with anxiety disorders and healthy volunteers and uncover the role of serum BDNF levels and Val66Met polymorphism in the etiology of anxiety disorders, evaluate their relationship with symptom severity, and determine the effects of Val66Met polymorphism on serum BDNF levels. METHODS (Ethics Committee Approval must be obtained and the number should be specified.):The study included 64 patients diagnosed with at least one of the disorders under the umbrella of anxiety disorders, according to DSM V-TR criteria, and 64 healthy volunteers. Participants were recruited from the Psychiatry Policlinic of Balıkesir University Health Application and Research Hospital. Blood samples collected from participants were analyzed in biochemistry and genetics laboratories using ELISA and RT-PCR methods. Prior to participation, informed consent was obtained from all participants. They were then asked to fill out a Sociodemographic and Clinical Information Form, and all participants underwent SCID-5-CV, HAM-A, HADS, and Level 2 Somatic Symptom Scales. The ethical approval for the study was granted by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Balıkesir University, Turkey, on May 10, 2023, under decision number 2023/71. RESULTS:The median (min-max) serum BDNF levels in the patient and control groups were found to be 1.50 (0.19-3.28) ng/mL and 1.62 (1.05-9.50) ng/mL, respectively, with a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p=0.007). A negative correlation was identified between serum BDNF levels and HAM-A, HADS, and Level 2 Somatic Symptom Scale scores (rs= -0.386, rs= -0.317, rs= -0.224, respectively). When the diagnostic performance of serum BDNF levels was evaluated using the ROC curve, a cutoff value of 1.54 ng/mL was found to have a sensitivity of 59.4% and a specificity of 57.8%, indicating significant discriminative power for disease detection. No significant difference was observed between the patient and control groups regarding the presence of Val66Met polymorphism (p=0.843). Additionally, no statistically significant relationship was found between serum BDNF levels and Val66Met polymorphism (p=0.215). CONCLUSIONS:In our study, serum BDNF levels were found to be associated with anxiety disorders and symptom severity. This finding supports the idea that BDNF is related to the biological basis of anxiety disorders, and due to its relationship with symptom severity, serum BDNF levels could be used as a helpful biomarker in the diagnosis and treatment of these disorders (Suliman et al. 2013). In our study, the presence of Val66Met and other variants (Val/Val and Met/Met) was not associated with anxiety disorders. Therefore, the genetic risk associated with Val66Met and other variants was not considered to be specific to anxiety disorders. Although the presence of any genomic variant in anxiety disorders has not been definitively established, we believe that our findings could contribute to future studies
comparing the Val66Met polymorphism across populations. The findings from our study reveal that the rs6265 (Val66Met) polymorphism and other allele variants do not affect serum BDNF levels in either healthy controls or anxiety disorder patients. The inconsistent results found in different studies regarding the effect of the Val66Met polymorphism on serum BDNF levels suggest that other factors influencing the synthesis and secretion of BDNF may exist (D'Sa et al. 2012). It should be considered that there may be other sources of BDNF in the serum that are not affected by the Val66Met polymorphism (Terracciano et al. 2013). The unique aspect of our study is that it includes patients with newly diagnosed anxiety disorders who have not yet received psychiatric treatment. This ensures that the potential effects of pharmacological interventions on biochemical and genetic outcomes are excluded. The inability to significantly confirm the effect of the Val66Met polymorphism on BDNF levels indicates that genetic variations should be examined in larger sample groups and different populations. REFERENCES:-D'Sa, C., Dileone, R. J., Anderson, G. M., & Sinha, R. (2012). Serum and plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in abstinent alcoholics and social drinkers. Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.), 46(3), 253259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcohol.2011.12.001 -Suliman, S., Hemmings, S. M., & Seedat, S. (2013). Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) protein levels in anxiety disorders: systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Frontiers in integrative neuroscience, 7, 55. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2013.00055 -Terracciano, A., Piras, M. G., Lobina, M., Mulas, A., Meirelles, O., Sutin, A. R., Chan, W., Sanna, S., Uda, M., Crisponi, L., & Schlessinger, D. (2013). Genetics of serum BDNF: meta-analysis of the Val66Met and genome-wide association study. The world journal of biological psychiatry: the official journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry, 14(8), 583589. https://doi.org/10.3109/15622975.2011.616533
Hasan Çalışkan, Koray Hamza Cihan, Seda Koçak, Gözde Karabulut, Erhan Nalçacı
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BACKGROUND AND AIM:Hypoxia can affect many organ systems. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of intermittent hypoxia on serotonin levels and depression-like behaviors in different neuroanatomical regions. METHODS (Ethics Committee Approval must be obtained and the number should be specified.):Sixteen adult Wistar albino female rats, 8 in the control group and 8 in the hypoxia group, were used in the experiment. Hypoxia group will be exposed to 3000 meters, 69.3 kPA, 3000 (520 mm-Hg, approximately 14% O2) protocol for 14 days, 5 hours a day. Locomotor activity with the open field test and depression-like behaviors with the forced swimming test were examined. The subjects were sacrificed under 50 mg/kg sodium thiopental anesthesia. Prefrontal cortex, striatum, thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus and serum were analysed for serotonin level by ELISA. Normal distribution was analysed by Shapiro Wilk test as a statistical method. The difference between the groups was analysed by Student-t test. All procedures were carried out under the approval of the Ankara University Experimental Animals Ethics Committee, and the approval reference number is 2023-9-79, meeting date: 10.05.2023. RESULTS:Intermittent hypoxia induced no change in locomotor activity (p>0.05) but increased depression-like behavior (p<0.05). Swimming behavior associated with the serotonergic system was significantly reduced (p<0.0001). Intermittent hypoxia decreased serotonin levels in the prefrontal cortex (p<0.005), and striatum (p<0.05). No significant changes were seen in other anatomical regions and serum (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:In the present study, intermittent hypoxia both induced depression-like behaviors and decreased serotonin levels in the prefrontal cortex and striatum. It should also be assessed for brain health, including hypoxic conditions seen in some diseases such as sleep apnea. More studies on hypoxia, behavior and serotonin are needed.
Gokce Elif Alkas Karaca, Muhammet Ali Karaca, Mehmet Tekden, Gül Karaçetin
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BACKGROUND AND AIM:Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is associated with sensory processing difficulties and increased parental stress. This study aims to examine the relationship between sensory profiles, autism symptom severity, and caregiver burden among mothers of young
children with ASD. METHODS (Ethics Committee Approval must be obtained and the number should be specified.):The study included 73 children with ASD (aged 36 years) and their mothers, alongside a control group of 73 typically developing children matched for age and gender. Assessments included the Sensory Profile (SP), Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC), Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (ZBI), DENVER II Test, Beck Depression Inventory, and Beck Anxiety Inventory. A child and adolescent psychiatrist conducted diagnostic interviews based on DSM-5 criteria, with confirmation from a panel of three child and adolescent psychiatry specialists. The ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of T.C. Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi, Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital on 01.11.2021 with the protocol number 2021/513. RESULTS:Sensory processing difficulties were present in at least one domain in 77% of children with ASD. Mothers of children with ASD had significantly higher depression, anxiety, and caregiver burden scores compared to controls. A negative correlation was found between children's SP scores and maternal caregiver burden (p<0.05). In a hierarchical regression analysis, 63% of the variance in caregiver burden was explained by a model consisting of SP scores, CARS scores, ABC scores, and maternal depression and anxiety scores (F=6.68, p<0.001). Among sensory domains, vestibular and visual processing scores significantly predicted caregiver burden (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Sensory processing difficulties are highly prevalent in young children with ASD and contribute to increased caregiver burden in mothers. Addressing these sensory challenges may help alleviate parental caregiver burden.
Merve Karakaya, Aslı Tuğba Esen, Uğur Bayram Korkmaz, Esin Evren Kılıçarslan
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BACKGROUND AND AIM: Although the link between childhood adversity and obesity is known, partner or family violence exposure in obese patients has been less studied.The aim of our study is to determine the prevalence of childhood traumas and lifetime domestic violence in female patients with obesity and to investigate the relationship of these experiences with weight loss. METHODS: A total of 176 obese female patients were interviewed using the Structured Clinical Interview(SCID 5-CV).16 patients with anxiety, 42 with depression, and 29 who did not complete the forms were excluded. 89 participants were included.A domestic violence questionnaire, and a childhood trauma scale were used Weight was recorded at baseline and three months later.Patients who lost more than 5% of their weight and those who did not were compared based on their responses to the scales and forms. The study was approved by the Izmir Katip Celebi University Ethics Committee with decision number and date 2024/0095. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 42.96±9.53 years.Among them,34.5% reported experiencing physical,36.8% emotional,36.8% economic, and 23% sexual violence during their lifetime.The most common perpetrator was the partner.Additionally,44.5% of participants reported experiencing emotional abuse,80% emotional neglect,28.3% physical abuse,58.8% physical neglect, and 28.2% sexual abuse during childhood.Patients who lost more than 5% of their weight had lower rates of lifetime exposure to physical violence (?2:7.365 p=0.024),economic violence(?2:10.888 p=0.003),and sexual violence(?2:6.893p=0.036).Weight loss was significantly lower in patients who had experienced emotional abuse(?2:0.045 p=0.045) and sexual abuse(?2:6.124 p=0.031) during childhood.The majority of participants stated that healthcare professionals had never asked them about violence before. CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights that exposure to various types of lifetime violence is common among patients with obesity and that such experiences have a negative relation on weight loss.It is important for clinicians to address adverse life experiences in clinical settings.Further research with larger sample sizes will contribute to the literature.
Nagehan Özkan Yaman, Büşra Batur, Mehmet Ak, Şakir Gıca
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BACKGROUND AND AIM:Medication adherence is crucial for treatment effectiveness, significantly impacting success rates. Many studies explore factors influencing adherence to improve treatment outcomes and enhance overall effectiveness. In present study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between alexithymia levels, mental capacity and medication adherence in patients admitted to a psychiatry clinic regardless of their diagnosis. METHODS (Ethics Committee Approval must be obtained and the number should be specified.):Current study included 62 patients from Necmettin Erbakan University Faculty of Medicine psychiatry clinic who volunteered to participate. Participants were asked to fill out a sociodemographic form, Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory(BAI), Liverpool
University Antipsychotic Side Effect Rating Scale(LUNSERS), Medication Adherence Rating Scale(MARS), Toronto Alexithymia Scale(TAS), National Adult Reading Test-Turkey(NART-TR). Research necessary permissions were obtained from the local ethics committee(IRB Date/Number:2025/5492). RESULTS:Of the 62 patients, 27 were diagnosed anxiety disorder, 17 deppression, 6 obsessive-compulsive disorder, 5 attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, 4 bipolar disorder and 3 psychotic disorder. According to MARS scores, 32 patients had poor medication adherence. No significant difference was found between patients with and without medication adherence in terms of gender, marital status, family history(p=0.851, p=0.611, p=0.362, respectively). Significant differences were observed in BAI, BDI, LUNSERS mean scores between the groups with and without medication adherence (p=0.004, p=0.013, p=0.006, respectively). However, no significant difference was found between the two groups in TAS and NART-TR scores. Correlation analysis revealed a statistically significant negative correlation between MARS scores and LUNSERS, BAI and BDI(r=-0.408, r=-0.387, r=-0.344, respectively). However, no significant correlation was found between the MARS score and the TAS and NART-TR scores(r=-0,144, r=-0,112 respectively). CONCLUSIONS:Consistent with the literature, the results of present study support that BDI, BAI, LUNSERS scores significantly affect medication adherence. However, alexithymia and mental capacity didnt have a positive or negative effect on medication adherence in our study. Further studies with larger samples are needed to investigate these effects.
Taylan Tanışan, Süheyla Ünal, Ersin Budak, Kamil Mert Angın
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BACKGROUND AND AIM:The higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in individuals with psychiatric disorders is linked to unhealthy lifestyles, physical inactivity, psychotropic medication use, and limited medical care access. Hypoglycemia in DM can cause altered consciousness, impaired self-regulation, anger dyscontrol, and impulsivity, while long-term glucose fluctuations may lead to cognitive impairment. This study examines the association between DM and the qualitative characteristics of criminal behavior in forensic psychiatric inpatients, thereby contributing to the assessment process of forensic cases. METHODS:We retrospectively analyzed 115 forensic cases (aged 1870) hospitalized at the
High-Security Forensic Psychiatry Clinic/Bursa City Hospital in 2024. Among them, 45 had comorbid DM. Sociodemographic data and variables related to diabetes/psychiatric disorders, and criminal behavior were recorded. Group comparisons were conducted using the Chi-Square Test, Independent Samples t-Test, and Multivariable Binary Logistic Regression. Analyses were performed with IBM SPSS 26.0. The study was approved by the Bursa City Hospital Ethics Committee on 22/01/2025 (Decision No: 2025-2/11). RESULTS:The DM group (30 females, 15 males; mean age 49.18±10.65 years) exhibited significantly higher antipsychotic(p=0.019) and antidepressant(p=0.049) use than the control group (53 males, 17 females; mean age 41.54±11.23 years). Crime type (premeditated vs. impulsive)(p=0.002) and employment status(p=0.016) also differed significantly by DM status, with higher impulsivity and unemployment in DM. Independent Samples t-Test revealed higher mean age and blood glucose levels closest to the time of the offense in DM cases(p<0.001). Multivariable Binary Logistic Regression showed presence of DM increased impulsive crime risk by 4.45 times (p=0.004, OR=4.455, 95% CI [1.62712.199]), while substance use disorder reduced it by ~70% (p=0.019, OR=0.294, 95% CI [0.1060.815]). CONCLUSIONS:These findings indicate that diabetes-related blood glucose dysregulation significantly increase the rate of impulsive criminal behavior. We believe that considering the diagnosis of diabetes and blood glucose fluctuations in the forensic evaluation of individuals committing impulsive crimes is notable in assessing criminal responsibility.
BACKGROUND AND AIM:Obesity is a chronic disease that develops through the interaction of metabolic, genetic, sociocultural and behavioral factors. The term "Health Literacy" is defined as the use and understanding of information that will improve health and the skills that affect individuals' access to health services. Health literacy may be important in the awareness and treatment of obesity. The aim of our study is to measure the health literacy levels of obese individuals. METHODS (Ethics Committee Approval must be obtained and the number should be specified.):Our research is a descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted with individuals over the age of 18, with a body mass index?30 kg/m2, who applied to Etlik City Hospital Obesity Center between August-December 2024, were informed about the research, agreed to participate, and gave informed consent (ethics committee approval date 14.08.2024 and
decision number AEŞH-BADEK-2024-659). Individuals were given a form that evaluated their sociodemographic information, Turkey Health Literacy Survey-32 (TSOY-32), and mental status examinations were performed. RESULTS:Of the participants included in the study, 82.3% (n=191) were female and 38.8% (n=90) were high school graduates, 49.1% (n=114) were unemployed, 68.5% (n=159) were married, 61.2% (n=142) had known comorbidities, and 69.8% (n=162) were in the BMI>40 group. In the general score, 3.0% (n=7) of the participants had insufficient (0-25), 23.7% (n=55) problematic-limited (26-33), 47.8% (n=111) sufficient (34-42), 24.6% (n=57) excellent (43-50) health literacy levels. In the health care domain score, 2.2% (n=5) of the participants had insufficient, 12.9% (n=30) problematic-limited, 57.3% (n=133) sufficient, 26.3% (n=61) excellent levels. In the disease prevention and health promotion domain score, 6.9% (n=16) of the participants had insufficient, 9.1% (n=21) had problematic-limited, 43.5% (n=101) had sufficient, and 29.3% (n=68) had excellent levels. CONCLUSIONS:Identifying the psychological and individual factors associated with obesity, and increasing health literacy can contribute to a more efficient, permanent and sustainable weight loss process for obese patients.
Büşra Batur, Nagehan Özkan Yaman, Mehmet Ak, Şakir Gıca
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BACKGROUND AND AIM:A review of the literature shows a significant relationship between alexithymia and somatization, with growing interest in recent years. Identifying mediating factors is key to understanding the underlying mechanism. This study compares somatization symptoms, mental capacity, and verbal fluency in patients with and without alexithymia, independent of diagnosis. METHODS (Ethics Committee Approval must be obtained and the number should be specified.):Current study included 72 patients who consecutively applied to Necmettin Erbakan University Faculty of Medicine psychiatry outpatient clinic. Informed consent was obtained. Participants completed a sociodemographic form, Patient Health Questionnaire(PHQ-15), Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory(BAI), Verbal Fluency Test, National Adult Reading Test-Turkey(NART-TR), Toronto Alexithymia Scale(TAS-20). Research necessary permissions were obtained from the local ethics committee(IRB Date/Number:2025/5493). RESULTS:A total of 72 patients were included: 31 with Anxiety Disorder, 20 with Major Depressive
Disorder, 7 with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, 6 with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, 4 with Bipolar Affective Disorder, and 4 with Psychotic Disorder. When evaluated based on the TAS-20 cutoff score, 27 were alexithymic. No significant differences were found between groups in gender, marital status, living arrangements, or employment(p=0.950, p=0.301, p=0.410, p=0.369, respectively). The mean age of the patient group with alexithymia and the presence of family history were found to be low(p=0.044, p=0.025, respectively). The alexithymic group had higher mean scores on the BAI, BDI, and PHQ-15(p=0.003, p=0.000, p=0.004, respectively). However, no statistically significant differences were found in the NART-TR and verbal fluency subscales(p=0.884, p>0.05). Nevertheless, a moderate positive correlation was observed between alexithymia and somatization scores(r=0.540), while no significant correlation was found between alexithymia with NART-TR and verbal fluency scores(r=-0.094, r=0.097, respectively). CONCLUSIONS:The result of present study support the relationship between alexithymia and somatization, consistent with the literature. However, the relationship between alexithymia and verbal fluency or mental capacity was non-significant, contrary to our expectations. Further studies with larger and more homogeneously designed samples across patient groups are needed.
BACKGROUND AND AIM:The Mild Behavioral Impairment Checklist (MBI-C) has been developed for the assessment and standardization of neuropsychiatric symptoms. The Turkish version has been shown to be valid and reliable in cognitively impaired patients. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the MBI-C in patients with subjective cognitive decline. METHODS (Ethics Committee Approval must be obtained and the number should be specified.):The study sample consisted of 180 people with no cognitive impairment on standardized tests who consented to participate in the study; 80 of these people had subjective cognitive decline, and 100 people had no subjective cognitive decline. The participants were assessed using the Subjective Memory Complaints Questionnaire, the Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)-15, the MBI-C, and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Ethics committee approval was obtained with protocol number 2023/41 from Kocaeli City Hospital. RESULTS:In the reliability analysis, the Cronbach alpha value for the MBI-C was found to be 0.902. In the ROC analysis performed on the total score of The MBI-C, the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated as 0.756 and the cut-off score was determined as 6.5; the sensitivity was calculated as 0.72 and the specificity as 0.68. A strong positive correlation was found between the MBI-C and the NPI scores (? = 0.960, p< 0.001). A significant positive correlation was found between the MBI-C total score, the GDS-15 total score, and the Subjective Memory Complaints Questionnaire total score, but no significant correlation was found with the MMSE total score (p<0.001, ?=0.585; p<0.001, ?=424; p=0.144). In both the mild behavioral impairment and non-mild behavioral impairment groups, 45 (50%) were female. Psychiatric history was significantly higher in the mild behavioral impairment group (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS:The Turkish version of the MBI-C has good reliability and validity in detecting mild behavioral impairment in people with subjective cognitive decline but no cognitive impairment.
About this publication
Turkish Journal of Psychiatry
Turkish Journal of Psychiatry (Turk Psikiyatri Derg) is the scientific journal of Turkish Association of Nervous and Mental Health. The journal has been published on a subscription basis four issues annually in March, June, September and December since 1990. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry is indexed in PubMed, Index Medicus, TUBITAK Tıp, Psych-Info, Türkiye Atıf Dizini and has been ranked in Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) since 2005.
27th National Clinical Education Symposium Presentation Abstracts