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Evaluation of the Effects of High Intensity Interval Training on Cytokine Levels and Clinical Course in Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder

Pelin TAŞ DÜRMÜŞ, Mehmet Erdal VARDAR, Oktay KAYA, Pınar TAYFUR, Necdet SÜT, Selma Arzu VARDAR
2020 31(3): 151-158
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Objective: Opioid use disorder (OpUD) is a biological and psychosocial
disorder with limited treatment options. Addition of physical exercise
to the pharmacological treatment has been proposed to be effective on
reducing substance use and improving the quality of life. In this study
we aimed to investigate the effects of a high-intensity interval training
(HIIT) program on the serum levels of cortisol, insulin-like growth
factor1 (IGF-1), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin 17 (IL-17) and
the clinical progress of inpatients with OpUD.
Method: Our study enrolled 22 male inpatients diagnosed with OpUD
on the basis of the DSM-5 criteria. Two groups of 11 individuals were
formed as the exercise (EG) and the control (CG) groups. The EG
conducted 5 sessions of a HIIT. Participant data were collected with
Sociodemographic Questionnaire, the Addiction Profile Index (API),
and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11). Also, the Hamilton
Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale
(HAM-A) and the Substance Craving Scale (SCS) were used before and
after the treatment program in order to evaluate the clinical progress.
Blood samples were collected on the 5th and the 21st days for estimation
of the serum cortisol, IGF-1, IFN-γ and the IL-17 levels.
Results: Comparison of the pre- and the post- treatment performances
of the two groups on the HAM-D, the HAM-A and the SCS indicated
a significant drop in the respective scores of the EG. Also, a significant
increase was observed in the post-treatment IGF-1 level of the EG
as compared to the CG. No differences were observed between the
cortisol, IFN-γ and IL-17 levels of the EG and the CG.
Conclusion: HIIT resulted in significant reduction in the symptoms
of depression, anxiety and substance craving, and increased the serum
IGF-1 levels. HIIT did not change serum cortisol, IFN-γ and IL-17
levels. We believe this research will contribute to the literature on the
treatment of opioid depencence by emphasising the effects of HIIT on
patients treated for OpUD.