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A Population-Based Study for the Standardization of the Turkish Version of the Modified Mini Mental State Examination (3MS) and Assessment of Certain Environmental Risk Factors for Dementia: Methodology and Sample Characteristics

Yavuz AYHAN, Özge KARADAĞ ÇAMAN, Sevilay KARAHAN, Sibel KIRAN, Esen SAKA, Elif BARIŞKIN, Nazmi BİLİR
2018 29(4): 238-247
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Objective: Objective assessment of the cognitive status and activities of daily
living are required for the diagnosis of neurocognitive disorders. No cognitive
screening test with normative values exist in Turkey. This study aims to standardize
a widely applicable cognitive screening test, determine the activities of daily
living in a population-based sample as well as identifying certain individual and
environmental risk factors for cognitive disorders.
Method: Since Mini-Mental-State-Examination (MMSE) is widely used in
primary and secondary care and a version for the uneducated exists, an expanded
and modified version of MMSE, Modified Mini Mental Test (3MS) was
selected for standardization. After the adaptation and pre-testing processes, a
population-based study including the individuals over the age of 55 was planned
to determine the normative values using the primary health care system in
Ankara, Turkey, An age-based stratification procedure was applied. Data were
collected through a survey form that was developed to identify certain healthrelated,
occupational and environmental risk factors associated with cognitive
disorders among with the cognitive evaluation. The study was funded by the
Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, Grant No: 214S048.
Results: The population-based study was conducted between January and June
2016. The data of a total of 2158 participants were analyzed. The geographic
distribution of the final sample was representative of the total population in
Ankara. Of the study sample, 51,3%were female, and 60% had over 5 years of
education. Approximately 25% of all participants were ‘screening-positive’ for
neurocognitive impairment and age was inversely related with daily functioning.
Conclusion: We were able to reach a population-based sample to determine the
normative values of a widely applicable cognitive screening test and the activities
of daily living as well as evaluate dementia-related risk factors in Turkey. The
findings of the study indicated that 3MS-Turkish form is a cognitive secreening
test, which can be widely used in Turkey.