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The Impact of Early Losses, Attachment, Temperament-Character Traits and Affect Regulation on the Development of Psychopathology

Cemile GÜRDAL, Emine Sevinç SEVİ TOK, Oya SORİAS
2018 29(3): 180-192
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Objective: The role of developmental issues and the constitutional factors
are crucial in conceptualization of psychopathology. The main aim
of this research was to investigate the impact of early losses, attachment
styles, affect regulation and temperament-character traits on psychopathology.
Furthermore, the other aim was to examine the mediator role
of affect regulation and attachment styles between harm avoidance temperament
trait and psychopathology.
Method: The research sample was composed of two groups being clinical
group (n = 224) and healthy control group (n = 61). The clinical
group included major depressive disorder (n = 78), anxiety disorder
(n = 74) and somatization disorder (n = 72). Data collection tools involved
Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Difficulties in
Emotion Regulation Scale, The Experiences in Close Relationships-II,
Temperament Character Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Beck
Anxiety Inventory and Early Losses Search Form.
Results: It was found that the losses that the clinical group had experienced
during their childhood period were higher than the control
group. The clinical group had more anxious and avoidant attachment
styles; had more difficulties in emotion regulation; used the adaptational
cognitive emotion regulation strategies less and the non-adaptational
strategies more; had higher harm avoidance scores than the healthy
group. Moreover, it was found that both the emotion regulation difficulties
and attachment styles had a partial mediating effect between
harm avoidance and depression and anxiety.
Conclusion: It was shown that the early relationships and experiences
have an impact on the further development of psychopathology and
take an important place in understanding the etiology of depression
and anxiety.