Türkiye Sinir ve Ruh Sağlığı DerneğiTurk Psikiyatri Derg1300-21633512024TRTürkiye Sinir ve Ruh Sağlığı DerneğiTurk Psikiyatri Derg1300-21633512024SpringSerum HMGB1 and Beclin 1 Levels in Patients with a Diagnosis of SchizophreniaŞizofreni Tanılı Hastalarda Serum HMGB1 ve Beklin 1 Düzeyleri1710.5080/u27030ENTRSevlerYILDIZAslı KAZĞANKILIÇASLANBurcu SIRLIEREMİRKerimUĞURFarukKILIÇ10.5080/u27030Objective: It is known that inflammation plays a role in the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia. In this study, we examined high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) and Beclin 1 levels and their relationship with clinical variables in patients with schizophrenia. Method: Forty-three patients with schizophrenia and 43 healthy controls were included in this study. The patients were administered sociodemographic data form, the Positive Negative Symptoms Assessment Scale (PANSS) and the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) scale. After the scales were filled, venous blood samples were taken from both the patient and control groups to measure serum HMGB1 and Beclin 1 levels. Serum samples obtained at the end of centrifugation were measured by Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Results: The mean serum HMGB1 levels were significantly increased and the mean serum Beclin 1 levels were significantly decreased in the schizophrenia group compared to the control group. In addition, a negative correlation was found between HMGB1 and Beclin 1 levels. Conclusion: In conclusion, current research shows that HMGB1 is increased and Beclin 1 is decreased in patients with schizophrenia, and these findings may contribute to the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Keywords: Schizophrenia, High Mobility Group Box 1, Beclin 1, AutophagyTürkiye Sinir ve Ruh Sağlığı DerneğiTurk Psikiyatri Derg1300-21633512024SpringOnline Group Psychotherapy to Increase Self-acceptance and Reduce Shame Among Transgender Migrants: An Observational ReportTransgender Göçmenler Arasında Öz Kabulü Arttırmak ve Çekimserliği Azaltmak için Çevrimiçi Grup Psikoterapisi: Bir Gözlemsel Rapor81310.5080/u27170ENTRMihriban HevalÖZGENCato MH deVOSÖzgünYAĞMURJaeSEVELİUS10.5080/u27170Objective: Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people experience higher levels of stigma, discrimination, and interpersonal violence due to their gender identity and/or expression, particularly TGD people with a migration background. This study aimed to conduct and evaluate group psychotherapy for TGD migrants to provide opportunities for exploring and developing interpersonal skills and relationships. Method: The group therapy included five individuals who identified as TGD and originated from the Middle East. The TGD group therapy consisted of 12 weekly sessions of 90 minutes each and was facilitated by a psychiatrist. All sessions were conducted online and in Turkish. The sessions were guided by the group process and discussions. Results: After completing 12 group therapy sessions, members of the group reported benefiting from observing and emulating others who shared their problem constellation. Through the interpersonal skills that they built up throughout the sessions, they became more open to share their feelings experiencing fewer social barriers, and reduced anxiety. Conclusion: This observational study indicates the significance of offering group-based psychotherapy to enhance affirmation and social connection within gender minority groups and emphasizes the need to empirically evaluate the effectiveness of group psychotherapy with TGD individuals, with special attention to the unique needs of TGD migrants. Keywords: Migrant, Transgender, Gender-diverse, Online Therapy, Group TherapyTürkiye Sinir ve Ruh Sağlığı DerneğiTurk Psikiyatri Derg1300-21633512024SpringComparison of Clinical Characteristics, Gender Perceptions, and Rape-Related Beliefs of People Assessed for Criminal Liability for Rape Against Children and AdultsÇocuğa ve Erişkine Yönelik Tecavüz Suçu Nedeniyle Ceza Sorumluluğu Değerlendirilen Kişilerin Klinik Özelliklerinin, Toplumsal Cinsiyet Algılarının ve Tecavüze İlişkin İnançlarının Karşılaştırılması142310.5080/u26936ENTREnderCESURGörkemYILMAZİlkerTAŞDEMİRBarışSANCAKFatma NurayCANSUNAR10.5080/u26936Objective: This study aimed to compare the criminal, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, paraphilic behaviors, sexual attitudes, gender perceptions, and rape-related beliefs of people assessed for criminal liability for rape against adults and children. Method: The study compared 40 people investigated for criminal liability for rape against an adult (RAA) with 40 individuals investigated for criminal liability for crime of rape against a child (RAC), and 43 age, sex and education matched individuals without any sexual crime history using the Structured Clinical Interview form for DSM-5 disorders, Hendrick Brief Sexual Attitude Scale, Gender Perception Scale, Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale, and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11. Results: All participants were male. There was no difference between the groups in terms of lifelong or existing psychiatric diseases. All participants had full criminal responsibility during the crime. No participant in any group was diagnosed with a paraphilic disorder. It was determined that people in both RAC and RAA groups tended to use sexuality as a tool, paid less attention to birth control methods, had a far less egalitarian perception of gender, and their myths about rape were significantly higher compared to the control group. The control group was much more impulsive than the sex offenders. Conclusion: Our results show that the act of sexual assault should not be explained only by impulsivity or psychiatric disorders, and that gender perception and sexual myths may also be influential. The fact that all individuals had full criminal responsibility emphasizes the need for more research on the social and cultural origins of sexual violence. Keywords: Rape, Sexual Assault, Criminal Responsibility, Gender, Rape MythsTürkiye Sinir ve Ruh Sağlığı DerneğiTurk Psikiyatri Derg1300-21633512024SpringFear, Perceived Threat, and Anxiety During COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediating Role of Cognitive Control/Flexibility and Intolerance of UncertaintyCOVID-19 Pandemisinde Korku, Algılanan Tehdit ve Kaygı: Bilişsel Kontrol/Esneklik ve Belirsizliğe Tahammülsüzlüğün Aracılık Rolü243310.5080/u27017ENTRÖzgeAKGÜLBetül ÖNDERUZGANMelikeTETİKCansuAYKAÇ10.5080/u27017Objective: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between fear of COVID-19, perceived threat of COVID-19, anxiety, cognitive control/flexibility, and intolerance to uncertainty. In addition, the mediating role of cognitive control/flexibility and intolerance to uncertainty were investigated. Method: 224 volunteers aged between 18-55 years were included in the study. Cognitive Control and Felxibility Scale, Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Perceived COVID-19 Threat Form and Beck Anxiety Scales were administered to all participants via an online environment. In this context, Pearson correlation, linear regression, and mediation analyzes were performed. Results: There were significant relationships among Cognitive Control and Flexibility, Intolerance of Uncertainty, Beck Anxiety, fear of COVID-19, perceived COVID-19 threat (p<0,01). Linear regression analysis showed that the Beck Anxiety Scale, Intolerance of Uncertainty and Cognitive Control/ Flexibility Scale scores significantly predicted fear of COVID-19 and the perceived threat of COVID-19 (p<0,001). In addition, mediation analysis revealed that intolerance to uncertainty and cognitive control/flexibility are mediating factors between anxiety and the perceived threat of COVID-19 (p<0,01). Conclusion: There is a relationship between fear of COVID-19 and perception of threat, anxiety, intolerance of uncertainty, and cognitive control mechanisms. In accordance with these findings, psychosocial support and therapy programs can be created based on cognitive control/flexibility and intolerance of uncertainty in order to increase the mental health well-being of individuals. Keywords: Cognitive Control, Flexibility, İntolerance To Uncertainty, Anxiety, Perceived Threat, COVID-19Türkiye Sinir ve Ruh Sağlığı DerneğiTurk Psikiyatri Derg1300-21633512024SpringSymptom Exacerbations of Patients Attending a Community Mental Health Center During the COVID-19 PandemicBir Toplum Ruh Sağlığı Merkezi’nde Takip Edilen Hastalarda COVID-19 Salgını Sürecinde Belirtilerde Alevlenmeler344510.5080/u27175ENTRRemzi ErşahDİNDARErenYILDIZHANNesrin BuketTOMRUK10.5080/u27175Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the clinical conditions of the patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) in a community mental health center (CMHC). Method: Symptom exacerbations, emergency service admissions, drug dose increases, additional medication prescriptions, and psychiatric hospitalizations of patients with BD and SSD in the CMHC were evaluated retrospectively. The data from the 1-year prior, 6-months prior, 6-months after the onset and 1-year after the onset of the pandemic were compared. Hospital and CMHC medical records were used for outcomes. Personal and Social Performance (PSP) Scale was used to assess the level of functioning. Results: 107 patients with the diagnosis of BD and 121 patients with the diagnosis of SSD were recruited. In the BD group, there was increase in the frequency of symptom exacerbations (p=0.001) and additional medication prescriptions or increased dose (p=0.007), with decrease in emergency service admissions (p=0.039) during the pandemic. In the patients with SSD, the number of patients with exacerbation of symptoms (p=0.001) and with increased dose or additional medication prescriptions (p=0.004) were higher during the pandemic. There was no increase in the rate of hospitalized patients in the period of first 6 months and first one year. Symptom exacerbations were more frequent in the SSD group with Covid (+) in family (p=0.016). Conclusion: The fact that the hospitalization rates remained the same despite an increase in the acute exacerbations provides info on the role of CMHCs and how mental health system functioned during the pandemic. Keywords: COVID-19, Bipolar Disorder, Schizophrenia, Psychotic Disorders, Community Mental Health Center, HospitalizationTürkiye Sinir ve Ruh Sağlığı DerneğiTurk Psikiyatri Derg1300-21633512024SpringValidity and Reliability Study of the Prolonged Grief Disorder- Caregiver Turkish FormUzamış Yas Bozukluğu Ölçeği-Bakım Veren Türkçe Formu’nun Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması465510.5080/u27035ENTRGizemÖNALEmrahKESERZeynep TÜZÜNGÜN10.5080/u27035Objective: The aim of this study was to adapt the Prolonged Grief Disorder – Caregiver Form (PG-12), which is used to measure grief symptoms of caregivers providing care to their relatives with a chronic diseases that cause functional disability to Turkish and to investigate its psychometric properties. We also aimed to investigate the prevalence of prolonged grief disorder in the caregiver sample. Method: The sample consisted of 120 adult participants (70.8% female) who acted as caregivers. The participants were administered Prolonged Grief Disorder-Caregiver Form, Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale, Beck Depression Inventory and Life Satisfaction Scale. Results: The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the single-factor structure of PG-12, consistent with the original form, was supported. PG-12 scores showed a positive correlation with depression and caregiver burden scores and a negative correlation with life satisfaction scores. The internal consistency coefficient of the scale was 0.85. The prevalence of prolonged grief disorder calculated using PG-12 was found to be 31.66%. Conclusion: The results showed that PG-12 is a valid and reliable tool for assessing the grief symptoms of people who provides care for a relative. In addition, the prevalence of prolonged grief disorder in our study population was high. Additional studies are needed in Turkey to confirm this rate and develop new strategies for caregivers. Keywords: Prolonged Grief Disorder, Caregiver, Anticipatory Grief, Validity, ReliabilityTürkiye Sinir ve Ruh Sağlığı DerneğiTurk Psikiyatri Derg1300-21633512024SpringEvaluation of Sexual Function According to Gender and Sexual Orientation during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey: A National Online Survey StudyTürkiye’de COVID-19 Küresel Salgını Sırasında Cinsel İşlevlerin Cinsiyet ve Cinsel Yönelime Göre Değerlendirilmesi: Ulusal Çevrim İçi Anket Çalışması566210.5080/u26948ENTRArdıl BayramŞAHİNEmiralpBÜYÜKTOPCURaşitTÜKEL10.5080/u26948Objective: Coronavirus Diseases-19 (COVID-19) pandemic that has caused the death of thousands of people affected negatively not only people’s physical wellbeing but also their mental health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sexual function, depression, anxiety and stress, and fear of COVID-19 of individuals according to gender and sexual orientation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: The questionnaire form included sociodemographic data form, the Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX), the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-Short Form (DASS-21), and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S). The form was distributed on social media platforms. Results: 1593 sexually active participants were included in the study. 47.5% of the participants were females and 52.5% were males. 86.9% of them were heterosexuals and 13.1% were lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals. ASEX, DASS-21 Depression, Anxiety, and Stress, and FCV-19S scores were significantly higher in females than males (p<0.001). When anxiety, depression, stress, and fear of COVID-19 were controlled, level of sexual dysfunction continued to be higher in women. We found that while the ASEX and FCV-19S scores were similar between the heterosexuals and LGBs (respectively p=0.66 and p=0.31), the DASS-21 Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scores were higher in LGBs (p<0.001). Conclusion: Our results reveal the effect of the pandemic period on female sexual functions and the importance of addressing this topic in clinical practice and research. Keywords: Sexual Dysfunction, Mental Health, Gender, Sexual Orientation, COVID-19Türkiye Sinir ve Ruh Sağlığı DerneğiTurk Psikiyatri Derg1300-21633512024SpringThe Impact of Childhood Sexual Abuse on Adult Female Sexual Function and Sexual Distress: A Systematic Review and Meta- AnalysisÇocukluk Çağında Cinsel İstismara Maruz Kalmanın Kadın Cinsel İşlevi ve Cinsel Sıkıntısı Üzerine Etkisi: Bir Sistematik Gözden Geçirme ve Meta-Analiz637410.5080/u26991ENTRÖzlemAŞCIMeltem DEMİRGÖZBALFerdaneKOÇOĞLU10.5080/u26991Objective: In this study, it was aimed to examine the impacts of exposure to childhood sexual abuse (CSA) on women’s sexual function and sexual distress. Method: In this systematic review and meta-analysis study, eight international (EBSCO, Psyc-Info, Proquest, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Ovid, Web of Science) and two national electronic databases (Dergipark and Thesis Database of the Turkish Council of Higher Education) were searched. Studies reporting outcomes of sexual function and sexual distress in women with and without a history of CSA were included. The data were synthesized by meta-analysis and narrative methods. Results: Two dissertations and five research articles published between 2010 and 2021 were included in the study. In some studies that were not included in the meta-analysis, it was reported that there was no difference in the prevalence of sexual dysfunction, and sexual satisfaction in women with and without a history of CSA. Meta-analysis results demonstrated lower sexual function (sexual arousal, MD: -0.83, p<0.001; sexual desire, MD: -0.55, p<0.001; lubrication, MD: -0.78, p<0.01; pain, MD: -0.52, p<0.001) and more sexual distress (SMD: -0.79, p<0.05) in women with CSA history. Conclusion: This study showed that CSA negatively affects female sexual function and increases sexual distress. Healthcare professionals should be aware that women with a CSA history may have worse sexual functions and more sexual distress. More research is needed on the role of CSA in the etiology of sexual function problems and its possible mechanisms of action. Keywords: Childhood sexual abuse, sexual health, women, sexual dysfunctionsTürkiye Sinir ve Ruh Sağlığı DerneğiTurk Psikiyatri Derg1300-21633512024SpringNeuroleptic Malignant Syndrome Concurrent with COVID-19 Infection: A Case ReportCOVID-19 Hastasında Nöroleptik Malin Sendrom: Bir Olgu Sunumu757710.5080/u27125ENTROnurGÖKÇENMerveAKKUŞ10.5080/u27125Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), which most often occurs after the use of antipsychotics, is a rare but life-threatening condition. In this article, a 56-year-old male patient with a diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder (BPD) who developed NMS after a COVID-19 infection will be presented. The patient had been brought to the emergency room with high fever, fatigue, and slowness of movements that had been going on for two days. The examination revealed tachycardia, tachypnea, lethargy and rigidity. Upon further investigation the COVID-19 test came out positive and the serum levels of creatine kinase were considerably high. He was admitted to the psychiatric ward with diagnoses of COVID-19 infection and NMS. COVID-19 infection might have been a risk factor for NMS in this patient. Especially in patients who are taking antipsychotic drugs, if COVID-19 is present, the risk of NMS should be taken into consideration. Keyword: COVID-19, Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome, Risperidone, Antipsikotik, EnfeksiyonTürkiye Sinir ve Ruh Sağlığı DerneğiTurk Psikiyatri Derg1300-21633512024SpringTransient Fever Response After ECT in a Patient with Catatonic Schizophrenia: A Case ReportKatatonik Şizofreni Hastasında EKT Sonrası Ortaya Çıkan Geçici Ateş Yanıtı: Olgu Sunumu788210.5080/u26972ENTRAnılALPMelike KARAÇAMDOĞANElçin ÖZÇELİKEROĞLUMevhibe İremYILDIZŞeref CanGÜRELSuzanÖZER10.5080/u26972Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective and safe treatment method for many psychiatric disorders. In general medical practice, ECT may cause side effects as most other treatment methods do. Headache, myalgia, nausea, vomiting, confusion, anterograde amnesia are common side effects of electroconvulsive therapy. Fever; in addition to general medical conditions such as infection, malignancy, connective tissue diseases, drug treatments, malignant hyperthermia, convulsions, it can also occur due to conditions such as neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), serotonin syndrome, catatonia, malignant catatonia, which are frequently encountered in psychiatry clinics. In the literature, transient fever response due to electroconvulsive therapy application have been described, albeit rarely. Although there are many proposed mechanisms for the emergence of a fever response, regardless of its cause, it is still not understood why some fever responses occur. In this article, we present the differential diagnosis of the fever response, possible causes, and the mechanisms that may reveal the secondary fever response to electroconvulsive therapy in a case with a diagnosis of catatonic schizophrenia, who developed a fever response during electroconvulsive therapy sessions and no fever response was observed at times other than electroconvulsive therapy sessions. In this case, postictal benign fever response associated with electroconvulsive therapy was considered after excluding other medical conditions that may cause a fever response after electroconvulsive therapy. Keywords: ECT, Fever, Catatonia, NMSTürkiye Sinir ve Ruh Sağlığı DerneğiTurk Psikiyatri Derg1300-21633512024SpringARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE INNOVATIONS IN PSYCHIATRY: GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE FROM EARLY CAREER PSYCHIATRISTSPSİKİYATRİDE YAPAY ZEKA YENİLİKLERİ: GENÇ PSİKİYATRİSTLERDEN KÜRESEL BİR BAKIŞ AÇISI838410.5080/u27384ENTRAhmetGÜRCANVictorPEREIRA-SANCHEZMariana PINTO daCOSTARamdasRANSINGRodrigoRAMALHO10.5080/u27384