Türkiye Sinir ve Ruh Sağlığı DerneğiTurk Psikiyatri Derg1300-21633442023WinterA Great Teacher: M. Orhan Öztürk221222TRAylinULUŞAHİN10.5080/u27441Türkiye Sinir ve Ruh Sağlığı DerneğiTurk Psikiyatri Derg1300-21633442023WinterA Great Teacher: M. Orhan ÖztürkBir Büyük Öğretmen: M. Orhan Öztürk22122210.5080/u27441ENTRAylinULUŞAHİN10.5080/u27441Türkiye Sinir ve Ruh Sağlığı DerneğiTurk Psikiyatri Derg1300-21633442023WinterA New Attachment Assessment Tool: Attachment-Based Mental Representation Scale (ABMRS)Bağlanma Ölçümü için Yeni Bir Araç: Bağlanma Temelli Zihinsel Temsiller Ölçeği (BTZTÖ)22323410.5080/u26262ENTREce VARLIKÖZSOYNesrin HİSLİŞAHİN10.5080/u26262Objective: The goal of this study is to develop a new assessment tool to measure attachment. Method: The study consisted of six stages. Initially, in order to develo an itm pool, the current attachment literature and measuring tools were examined. The clarity of the items and the face validity were evaluated with a group of 20 ‘judges’. The draft scale was given to 307 individuals, using the Brief Symptom Inventory as a criterion measure. Selection of the items was completed with factor analyses, and the resulting 33 item scale was named, “Attachment-Based Mental Representation Scale” (ABMRS). Later, with a sample of 407 individuals, the reliability and validity analyses of this 33item scale were conducted, using different criteria measures namely, Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory, The Parental Bonding Instrument, UCLA Loneliness Scale, Stress Audit Scale. Then, the test-retest reliability was investigated with a new sample of 60 individuals. With the addition of 7 more items, the Scale was administred to 283 people to investigate the psychometric properties. Lastly, the new 40-item Scale, with the items written in a mixed order, was applied to a different sample of 264 participants, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted. Results: The scale has a six-dimensional structure, and it has been observed that the reliability coefficients of the dimensions vary between 0.72 and 0.86. These sub-dimensions can be grouped together and evaluated as “Secure Attachment” and “Insecure Attachment”. Conclusion: It can be argued that the ABMRS validly and reliably measures the attachment phenomenon with various dimensions for Turkish culture. Keywords: Secure/insecure Attachment, Mental RepresentationTürkiye Sinir ve Ruh Sağlığı DerneğiTurk Psikiyatri Derg1300-21633442023WinterThe Impact of theCovid-19 Pandemic on the Admission of Psychiatric Patients in Emergency Department During the Early Pandemic PeriodCovid-19 Pandemisinin Erken Dönemde Psikiyatrik Hastaların Acil Servis Başvuruları Üzerindeki Etkisi23524310.5080/u26847ENTRAnılMUŞTUCURümeysa AyşeGÜLLÜLÜMelekMETEAslıSARANDÖL10.5080/u26847Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic and its restrictions cause increasing mental health problems in both the general population and psychiatric patients. In this study, it was aimed to compare the number and characteristics of emergency psychiatric consultations in the earlypandemic period and in the same period of 2019, in order to understand how the COVID-19 pandemic affects psychiatric emergencies and the health care seeking behavior of people with psychiatric disorders. Method: A retrospective cross-sectional study was designed in which patients who applied to Emergency Department of Bursa Uludağ University and were consulted to psychiatry between 11 March 2019 – 1 September 2019 and 11 March 2020 - 1 September 2020 were included. Sociodemographic characteristics of the patients, psychiatric diagnoses, hospitalizations, psychotropic drug use and treatment compliance, frequency of admission, indications for hospitalization/ referral and suicide attempts were compared. Results: It was observed that the ratio of psychiatric admissions to the emergency department to all emergency department admissions was significantly higher in the early-pandemic period than in the prepandemic period. In the early-pandemic period, emergency department admissions due to depression disorders were found to be significantly lower; schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, and psychotropic drug side effects were found to be significantly higher than in the prepandemic period. Conclusion: In this study, it was shown that the COVID-19 pandemic may have a negative impact on psychiatric patients. Prompt implementation of measures to deal with the psychiatric effects of the pandemic, using online health services, developing coping strategies and identifying early signs of psychiatric illness exacerbations can reduce the negative effects of this stressful period on vulnerable individuals. Keywords: COVID-19, Pandemic, Quarantine, Psychiatry, Psychiatric Emergency, Emergency DepartmentTürkiye Sinir ve Ruh Sağlığı DerneğiTurk Psikiyatri Derg1300-21633442023WinterA Real Environment Based Virtual Reality Psychosocial Treatment May Help Patients with Schizophrenia to Increase Social Functioning: A Preliminary StudyGerçek Çevre Temelli Sanal Gerçeklik Psikososyal Tedavisi Şizofreni Hastalarının Sosyal İşlevlerinin Artmasına Yardımcı Olabilir: Bir Ön Çalışma24425310.5080/u27046ENTREmine IlgınHOŞGELENFaikKARTELLİMarkusBERGERSimayERİNÇDenizYERLİKAYAYağmurÖZBEKGörsevYENERBerna BinnurAKDEDEKöksalALPTEKİN10.5080/u27046disorders. The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of the VR Psychosocial Treatment Program (PTP) on psychosocial functioning and symptoms in people with schizophrenia. Method: Seven schizophrenia patients who have been admitted to the Schizophrenia Outpatient Unit of Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine and met the diagnosis of schizophrenia according to DSM-V diagnostic criteria were included in the study. Psychosocial functionality level was assessed by PSP (Personal and Social Performance Scale), positive and negative symptom severity with PANSS (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), and social skills with SSC (Social Skills Checklist). VRPTP was continued for a total of 10 sessions and twice a week during five weeks. In this study, a real-environment-based VR-PTP for schizophrenia patients was developed. In the sessions, there were different realenvironment- based VR contents including social interaction components such as cafe, market, bazaar, public transportation. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the PSP scores before and after the VR application (p=0.018). None of the patients reported motion sickness during VR sessions due to the immersive nature of VR. There was no significant difference between pre and post VR PANSS total and subscale scores. Conclusion: In this preliminary study, we discovered that realenvironment- based VR-PTP is effective for improving the social skills of patients with schizophrenia. Cognitive enhancement programs and psychosocial functionality therapies may be carried out using virtual reality in the near future. VR can assist patients in coping with their symptoms and day-to-day challenges. Keywords: Schizophrenia, Psychosocial Functioning, Virtual Reality, Positive Symptoms, Negative SymptomsTürkiye Sinir ve Ruh Sağlığı DerneğiTurk Psikiyatri Derg1300-21633442023WinterTurkish Adaptation, Validity and Reliability Study of the Bush Francis Catatonia Rating and KANNER ScalesBush Francis Katatoni Değerlendirme ve KANNER Katatoni Ölçeklerinin Türkçe Uyarlama, Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması25426110.5080/u27064ENTRİbrahim MertERDOĞANAslıAYTULUNK. BurcuAVANOĞLUÖzgeTÜRKOĞLUNilgün OKTARERDOĞANŞ. CanGÜRELSevilayKARAHANM. KâzımYAZICIA. Elif ANILYAĞCIOĞLU10.5080/u27064Objective: Catatonia is a common syndrome which can be lifethreatening due to its complications. The aims of the study were to translate the Bush Francis Catatonia Rating Scale (BFCRS) and the KANNER Scale into Turkish, conduct the validity and reliability analyses and to compare the two scales. Method: During the study period extending over 20 consecutive months, the Turkish versions of the scales were administered to 84 patients who were hospitalized in the psychiatry ward or who were admitted to the hospitalization list. The clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of all patients were evaluated. The scales were administered to the patients by two raters, one of whom was permanently involved. Results: Convergent and criterion validities revealed a high correlation between the screening instruments of both scales and between the BFCRS total score and 2nd and 3rd part scores of the KANNER Scale. BFCRS total score of ≥6, KANNER Scale 2nd part score of ≥15, or 3rd part score of ≥1 can be used with high accuracy in diagnosing catatonia according to DSM-5. Internal consistency for both scales was found to be high (Cronbach’s alpha 0.902 for BFCRS and 0.9, 0.891, 0.806 for KANNER Scale subsections). Inter-rater reliability was also high for most of the scale items (mean Kappa coefficient: 0.885 for BFCRS and 0.904 for KANNER Scale). Conclusion: In conclusion, the Turkish adaptations of both scales were found to be valid and reliable, showing strong psychometric properties. This study is the first validity and reliability study for the KANNER Scale. Keywords: Catatonia, Rating Scales, Diagnosis, Validity, ReliabilityTürkiye Sinir ve Ruh Sağlığı DerneğiTurk Psikiyatri Derg1300-21633442023WinterOral Health Status of Outpatients with Schizophrenia in Ankara, Türkiye: A Descriptive StudyAyakta Tedavi Gören Şizofreni Hastalarının Ağız Sağlığı Durumu: Tanımlayıcı Bir Çalışma (Ankara-Türkiye)26227110.5080/u27364ENTREmelKARAMANAyşe RüyaYAZICIBahar GÜÇİZDOĞANSaadetGÖKALPNurhayatENİŞengülETÇİM. KâzımYAZICI10.5080/u27364Objectives: To evaluate the oral health status and denture treatment needs of a group of outpatients with schizophrenia. Methods: One hundred and eighty-eight patients diagnosed with schizophrenia were evaluated. Socio-demographic characteristics, eating habits, alcohol consumption, smoking status, oral hygiene attitudes, medical status, medications and the data related to dental visit were obtained via structured questionnaire of 45 questions. Medication information were confirmed from hospital records. The DMFT score (the Total of decayed, missing and filled teeth), denture status, Community Periodontal Index of Treatment (CPITN) and attachment loss were recorded in accordance with the criteria defined by the WHO. Results: The mean DMFT score was 11.1±8.6. Total number of teeth decreased, while the number of decayed teeth and DMFT scores increased with age (p<0.001). There was no relationship between the anticholinergic effects of antipsychotics and the teeth count, number of decayed, filled and missing teeth, and the DMFT scores. The CPITN assessment revealed that 71.6% of the patients had healthy periodontium, 7.4% exhibited gingival bleeding upon probing, and 21% had dental calculus. Psychotropic medication and tooth brushing habits were associated with CPITN scores. Male sex was associated with higher frequency of denture need (p<0.001), while no association was observed with the education level and antipsychotic use (p>0.001). Conclusion: Physicians and dentists have to work in coordination to maintain good oral health of patients with schizophrenia. Patients should be encouraged for regular dental check-ups and dentist should take utmost care of the oral hygiene maintenance. Keywords: DMFT, Oral Health, Outpatient, SchizophreniaTürkiye Sinir ve Ruh Sağlığı DerneğiTurk Psikiyatri Derg1300-21633442023WinterThe Effect of Inhibition of Perisynaptic Astrocyte Glycogen Utilization on Depression-Like BehaviorSinaptik Enerji Kaynağı Glikojenin Kullanımının Engellenmesinin Depresyon-benzeri Davranışlara Etkisi27228110.5080/u27208ENTRErknaz EcehanERKBuket NebiyeDEMİRHülya KARATAŞKURŞUNMüge YEMİŞÇİÖZKANTurgayDALKARAEmine ERENKOÇAK10.5080/u27208Objective: Under physiological conditions, astrocytes produce lactate to meet the increased synaptic energy demand due to neuronal activity. In the light of the findings showing that this process is disrupted in the pathophysiology of major depression, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of pharmacological inhibition of perisynaptic astrocyte glycogen utilization on anxiety-like behavior and depression-like behavior in female and male mice. Methods: In this study, DAB (1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-arabinitol), which is an inhibitor of glycogen breaking enzyme glycogen phosphorylase, was intrahippocampally administered to 15 female and 14 male Swiss albino mice, while 15 female and 12 male Swiss albino mice received intrahippocampal saline injections. Three and five days after the injections, the anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors of the mice were assessed by locomotor activity, open-field test, light-dark box test, tail suspension test and sucrose preference test. Results: Three days after injection, neither depression-like nor anxietylike significant behavioral changes were detected in the male experimental group mice compared to the control group; but an increase in locomotor activity (p=0.05) and time spent in the open-field (p=0.01) were observed on the fifth day. In evaluations of the female experimental group mice on the third and fifth days, depression-like and anxiety-like behaviors were found similar to the control group, as seen in the male mice. The only significant difference in the experimental group female mice was found in the sucrose preference test, which revealed an increased tendency to prefer sucrose (p=0.003) compared to the control group. Conclusion: The inhibition of glycogen use in the hippocampus by DAB did not affect anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors 3 and 5 days after injection in both female and male mice. The increase in the time spent in the open-field by male experimental group mice was associated not with anxiety, but with increase in the locomotor activity. The fact that no significant difference was observed in the light-dark box test, which is another test used to evaluate anxiety, supported this opinion. The increase seen in the sucrose preference test in female experimental group mice was not interpreted as an increase in hedonic behavior because prevention of glycogen breakdown in the hypothalamus might have homeostatically increased sugar-craving and therefore resulted in an increase in sucrose preference. Different set of tests better targeting the energy and glucose metabolism and applied at farther time points than surgery are recommended for future studies. Keywords: Glycogen, Depression-like Behavior, Anxiety-like BehaviorTürkiye Sinir ve Ruh Sağlığı DerneğiTurk Psikiyatri Derg1300-21633442023WinterA Brief History of Psychiatry in the 100th Anniversary of the Republic of TürkiyeTürkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin 100. Yılında Psikiyatrinin Kısa Tarihi28228710.5080/u27437ENTRKazım CihanCANTarık TunaGÖZÜTOKŞahapERKOÇ10.5080/u27437In this review, we aimed to outline the scientific advances and service capacity in Turkish psychiatry within the century-long history of the Republic. We propose that the history of Turkish Psychiatry also sheds light on the history of our country. We have reviewed significant milestones in Turkish Psychiatry; the establishment of psychiatric hospitals, the development of formal psychiatry training, academic and scientific proceedings and the founding of professional organizations in the Republic era. We aimed to offer insights into the role of psychiatry in the modernization of our country, as well as to establish a foundation for future improvements by evaluating the progress made in the field of mental health services. The story that began with 20 neuropsychiatrists and 300 psychiatric beds in one mental hospital has now reached over 4000 psychiatrists and twenty-thousand psychiatric beds. Psychiatry in Türkiye continues its historical evolution with expansion in size and advancements in quality. Keywords: History of Psychiatry in Türkiye, History of the Republic of Türkiye, History of MedicineTürkiye Sinir ve Ruh Sağlığı DerneğiTurk Psikiyatri Derg1300-21633442023Winter12 Psychiatrists who Shaped Psychiatry in Turkey in the Republic’s First CenturyCumhuriyetin 100 Yılında Türkiye’de Psikiyatriyi Şekillendiren 12 Psikiyatr28828910.5080/u27447ENTRKazım CihanCANŞahapERKOÇTarık TunaGÖZÜTOKArşaluysKAYIRCengizKILIÇM. RaşitTÜKELBerna D.ULUĞM. KâzımYAZICIBaşakYÜCEL10.5080/u27447Who are the influential figures that molded Turkish Psychiatry into what it is today? This review introduces 12 psychiatrists who shaped psychiatry in Turkey during the first century of the Republic. The article presents Rasit Tahsin, the first neuropsychiatrist who establish an academic psychiatry department in Turkey; Mazhar Osman, who had so much influence that his name became a phrase to describe the mentally ill, and still lives on with the institutions he built; Ihsan Sukru, the founder of neuropathology in Turkey, a historical figure in viral encephalitis research; Fahrettin Kerim Gokay, famous for his political career and his fight against alcohol and tobacco; Rasim Adasal, a Cretian who is a cornerstone in Ankara psychiatry and a well-known figure in Turkish society life; Abdulkadir Ozbek, who introduced psychodrama to Anatolia-his ‘earth’; Leyla Zileli, who disseminated psychoanalysis from Ankara to Turkey; Orhan Ozturk, a founding figure for the Journal, the Association, and Hacettepe; Ayhan Songar, a prominent figure in society and also in state bureaucracy; Ozcan Koknel, the amiable face of psychiatry in society and a respected voice; Oğuz Arkonaç, a vigorous advocate for the establishment of contemporary psychiatry with DSM III in Bakırköy and then in Turkey; and Gunsel Koptagel-Ilal, who progressed the work in the psychosomatics as one of Turkey’s first female psychiatry academics. As with any list, we acknowledge that absolute consensus is not possible; we are preparing a more extensive selection to be published as a book next year. We present our selection to your liking, hoping that one or more of our colleagues reading this article will be included in the selection for the next century, reflecting our collective conscious creation of psychiatry in Turkey. Keywords: Neuropsychiatry, History, Medicine, Turkey, Psychoanalysis, PsychosomaticsTürkiye Sinir ve Ruh Sağlığı DerneğiTurk Psikiyatri Derg1300-21633442023WinterM. Orhan Öztürk Interview - Highlights*M. Orhan Öztürk Söyleşisi - Öne Çıkanlar*30030210.5080/u27370ENTRMehmet SağmanKAYATEKİN10.5080/u27370Orhan Öztürk has created a “revolution” in Turkish psychiatry Needless to say, prominent figures were with him during this journey, Leyla Zileli, Doğan Karan and many others, but it was Orhan Bey who became the intellectual and organizational leader. This interview attempts to provide a critical and analytical perspective on Orhan Öztürk as a figure of central importance in the recent history of psychiatry. It aims to interpret and enrich historical knowledge while “placing Orhan Öztürk in history.” In this interview conducted with Orhan Bey in January 2023, I focused on several topics, which is presented as subsections in the conversation.