Türkiye Sinir ve Ruh Sağlığı DerneğiTurk Psikiyatri Derg1300-21633432023FallClean Words Come Out of Clean Minds143144TRYavuzAYHAN10.5080/u27408

Türkiye Sinir ve Ruh Sağlığı DerneğiTurk Psikiyatri Derg1300-21633432023FallA Review of Studies on the Covid-19 Pandemic and the Psychological Effects of Related Measures on Children, Youth and ParentsCOVID-19 Küresel Salgını ve İlgili Tedbirlerin Çocuklar, Gençler ve Ebeveynler Üzerindeki Psikolojik Etkilerine Dair Çalışmaların Gözden Geçirilmesi20221410.5080/u25936ENTRBurcu ALTINGülsenERDEN10.5080/u25936Pandemics are social events that affect individuals’ lives in many ways and have a significant impact on the mental health of masses. Pandemics and measures taken to combat these epidemics affect children and young people as well as adults. The purpose of the current review is to compile studies that have been conducted on the psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and related measures on children, youth, and parents, and use the findings to shed light on future studies. In this review, 35 studies that were determined as a result of a comprehensive search in relevant literature were examined. It was observed that the aforementioned studies noted that the COVID-19 global pandemic and the measures taken to combat the epidemic (e.g., quarantine, lockdown, and school closures) had negative psychological effects on children, young people, and parents. Problems observed in children and young people, such as the fear of catching or transmitting the virus, getting bored, not being able to communicate enough with friends and teachers, and problems observed in parents, such as the troubles of negative repercussions of working at home or unemployment and difficulties in communicating with children with the closure of schools, are only a few to name these negative effects. The reviewed studies were discussed taking their limitations into account. Recommendations were made for future studies and intervention programs to be planned for community mental health. Keywords: COVID-19, children and youth, parents, pandemic, quarantine

Türkiye Sinir ve Ruh Sağlığı DerneğiTurk Psikiyatri Derg1300-21633432023FallSuicidal and Homicidal Thoughts as Psychotic Symptoms in an Adolescent: A Case ReportErgende Psikotik Belirti Olarak Suisidal ve Homisidal Düşünceler: Olgu Sunumu21522010.5080/u27015ENTRBurcu ERSÖZ ALANHande GÜNALOKUMUŞ10.5080/u27015The first episode of psychotic disorders often occurs in adolescence. Depressive symptoms are the most common symptoms in the prodromal period and the symptoms in this period are not specific to psychosis. Adolescence is a risky period in terms of suicidal behaviors. The risk of self-harm is further increased in the prodromal period and in the psychotic episode. Homicides in psychosis constitute a small part of all homicidal cases and homicidal thoughts have been associated with command hallucinations and delusions. In this article, an adolescent girl with psychosis who had intense homicidal and suicidal thoughts and self-harming behaviors will be presented, and homicidal thoughts in psychosis will be discussed. The symptoms of the case decreased with risperidone, and she started to socialize with the support of her teacher, who visited her house for lectures. The medical, legal, and social aspects of suicides and homicides in psychosis are discussed. Keywords: Adolescent, psychosis, homicidal, suicidal

Türkiye Sinir ve Ruh Sağlığı DerneğiTurk Psikiyatri Derg1300-21633432023FallClean Words Come Out of Clean MindsTemiz Zihin, Temiz Dil14314410.5080/u27408ENTRYavuzAYHAN10.5080/u27408

Türkiye Sinir ve Ruh Sağlığı DerneğiTurk Psikiyatri Derg1300-21633432023FallQualitative and Artificial Intelligence-Based Sentiment Analysis of Turkish Tweets Related to SchizophreniaŞizofreniye Yönelik Türkçe Twitter İletilerin Nitel ve Yapay Zekâ Temelli Duygu Çözümlemesi14515310.5080/u26402ENTRGülDİKEÇVolkan OBANMiraç BarışUSTA10.5080/u26402Objective: The aim of this study was to qualitatively examine Turkish tweets about schizophrenia in respect of stigmatization and discrimination within a one-month period and to conduct emotional analysis using artificial intelligence applications. Method: Using the keyword ‘schizophrenia,’ Turkish tweets were gathered from the Python Tweepy application between December 19, 2020 and January 18, 2021. Features were extracted using the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) method and artificial neural networks and tweets were classified as positive, neutral, or negative. Approximately 5% of the tweets were qualitatively analyzed, constituting those most frequently liked and retweeted. Results: The study found that, of the total of 3406 schizophreniarelated messages shared in Turkey over a period of one-month, 2996 were original, and were then retweeted a total of 1823 times, and liked by 25,413 people. It was determined that 63.4% of the tweets shared about schizophrenia contained negative emotions, 28.7% were neutral, and 7.71% expressed positive emotions. Within the scope of the qualitative analysis, 145 tweets were examined and classified under four main themes and two sub-themes; namely, news about violent patients, insult (insulting people in interpersonal relationships, insulting people in the news), mockery, and information. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the Turkish tweets about schizophrenia, which were emotionally analyzed using artificial intelligence were found often to contain negative emotions. It was also seen that Twitter users used the term schizophrenia, not in a medical sense but to insult and make fun of individuals, frequently shared the news that patients were victims or perpetrators of violence, and the messages shared by professional branch organizations or mental health professionals were primarily for conveying information to the public. Keywords: Natural language processing, machine learning, schizophrenia, social stigma, social media

Türkiye Sinir ve Ruh Sağlığı DerneğiTurk Psikiyatri Derg1300-21633432023FallUsing Twitter to Assess Stigma to Schizophrenia and Psychosis: A Qualitative StudyŞizofreni ve Psikoza Yönelik Damgalamayı Değerlendirmede Twitter Kullanımı: Nitel Çalışma15416110.5080/u27280ENTRKerime BADEMLİAyten KAYA KILIÇMehmetKAYAKUŞ10.5080/u27280Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate stigmatizing attitudes towards schizophrenia among Turkish Twitter users. Methods: In the study designed with the qualitative research method, the tweets containing the keywords “schizophrenia”, “schizophrenic”, “psychotic” and “psychosis” in Turkish on Twitter were collected using the Knime program. The main themes and sub-themes were created by content analysis. Results: The studies revealed three major themes: “insult”, “negative point of view”, and “anti-stigma”. While the sub-themes of “swearing” and “mocking” were determined under the main theme of “insult”, the sub-theme of “false beliefs” was determined under the theme of “negative point of view”, and the sub-themes of “medically appropriate” and “defensive” were determined under the main theme of “antistigma”. In the results, it was determined that the word schizophrenia was commonly used to humiliate others and used as a way of addressing with slang words or to mock and that there were stigmatizing statements revealing negative feelings and thoughts in such a way that they would be inconsistent with medical information. Conclusion: The results of this study can be used to develop programs to combat stigma against schizophrenia disorder and to determine content. Keywords: Schizophrenia, Twitter, stigmatization

Türkiye Sinir ve Ruh Sağlığı DerneğiTurk Psikiyatri Derg1300-21633432023FallThe Mediating Role of Early Maladaptive Schemas in the Relationship between Temperament and Depressive SymptomsMizaç ile Depresif Belirtiler Arasındaki İlişkide Erken Dönem Uyumsuz Şemaların Aracı Rolü16217210.5080/u26316ENTRCeren GÖKDAĞZeynep ERDOĞANYILDIRIM10.5080/u26316Objectives: Personality traits and early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) play an active role in the emergence, maintenance, and treatment of depressive mood. Studies draw attention to the close relationship between temperament and character traits, EMSs, and depression. The first aim of this study is to examine the relationships between temperament, character traits, and EMSs. Secondly, we were interested to observe whether or not these variables explained depressive symptoms. Lastly, based on the previous findings and the idea that the development of EMSs is affected by temperament traits, the mediating role of EMSs in the relationship between harm avoidance and depressive symptoms was investigated. Method: Personal Information Form, Temperament and Character Inventory, Young Schema Questionnaire Short Form-3, and Beck Depression Inventory were applied to 205 undergraduate students (68% women). Results: Results showed the significant correlations among harm avoidance temperament trait, self-directedness, cooperativeness character traits, and with most of the EMSs. The disconnection schema domain, harm avoidance, and self-directedness personality traits predicted depressive symptoms. Moreover, controlling the gender effect, disconnection and unrelenting standards mediated the relationship between harm avoidance and depressive symptoms. Conclusion: The findings supported the idea suggested by the schema theory that the temperament traits affect EMSs. We believe that these findings can support studies towards depression-prevention as well as the treatment of depressive individuals. Even without interfering with temperament characteristics of individuals, depressive symptoms might be reduced by working only with some of the EMSs. Keywords: Temperament, character, personality, early maladaptive schemas, depression, harm avoidance.

Türkiye Sinir ve Ruh Sağlığı DerneğiTurk Psikiyatri Derg1300-21633432023FallIntergenerational Transmission of Attachment between Incarcerated Mothers and Their Co-residing ChildrenTutuklu/Hükümlü Anneler ve Yanlarında Kalan Çocukları Arasındaki Bağlanmanın Nesiller Arası Aktarımı17318010.5080/u26647ENTRZülal İŞCANOĞLUZehraUÇANOK10.5080/u26647Objective: Maternal attachment representations and children’s attachment to their mothers have been shown to be related while this association varies according to socioeconomic risk factors that these mother-child dyads are experiencing. In this regard, this study aims to investigate the intergenerational transmission of attachment between highly disadvantaged incarcerated mothers and their co-residing children and the mediating role of maternal sensitivity in the relationship between maternal and children’s attachment representations. Method: The study sample consists of 84 incarcerated mothers and their co-residing children. The maternal attachment was evaluated using the Doll Story Completion Task. Children’s attachment and maternal sensitivity were assessed based on a 45-minute semi-structured mother-child interaction observation and rated through structured coding instruments. Results: Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that mothers’ anxious and avoidant attachment positively predicted children’s disorganized attachment behaviors. Moreover, analyses showed that maternal sensitivity did not mediate the relationship between maternal and child attachment representations. Conclusion: Findings partially supported the discussion emphasizing that attachment transmission, as well as the mediating role of maternal sensitivity on this transmission, appeared to be weaker for disadvantaged mother-child dyads. Implications for future intervention programs aiming to support the attachment security and reduce the disorganization of children co-residing with their incarcerated mothers are discussed. Keywords: Attachment representations, incarcerated mothers and their children, intergenerational transmission of attachment, maternal sensitivity

Türkiye Sinir ve Ruh Sağlığı DerneğiTurk Psikiyatri Derg1300-21633432023FallGaming Disorder Scale for Parents: Reliability and Validity Study of the Turkish FormEbeveynlere Göre Oyun Oynama Bozukluğu Ölçeği: Türkçe Formunun Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması18119010.5080/u27320ENTRSeher PALANBEK YAVAŞCaner BAYSANLeyla BAYSANARABACI10.5080/u27320Objective: This study aimed to conduct the validity and reliability study of the Turkish version of the Gaming Disorder Scale for Parents (GADIS-P). Methods: In this methodological study, the study sample consisted of 345 parents who had children within the age range of 10-17 years who played digital games. The study data were collected through the Gaming Disorder Scale for Parents, the Scale for Determining Parents’ Perceptions of Computer Game Addiction, and the Digital Parenting Attitude Scale. The Cronbach’s alpha analysis for reliability, item total correlation analysis, confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis for construct validity, and clustering analysis for identifying gaming disorder according to the scale scores were used. Results: It was determined that the content validity index of the scale was 0.97, that item loads varied between 0.617 and 0.863 according to exploratory factor analysis, and that the scale had good fit indices in the confirmatory factor analysis. The Cronbach’s reliability coefficient of the scale was found to be α=0.907, and the item total correlations were determined to be adequate. The criterion validity analysis found a positive and strong correlation with the Scale for Identifying Parents’ Perceptions Regarding Digital Game Addiction (r=0.717 p<0.001). As a result of the clustering analysis, it was determined that the cut-off value was found as >9 points for “Cognitive Behavioral Symptoms” subscale and as >6 points for “Negative Consequences” subscale. Conclusion: The results obtained show that the Turkish version of the Gaming Disorder Scale for Parents is a valid and reliable measurement tool. Keywords: Addiction disorder, adolescents, validity, reliability, parents

Türkiye Sinir ve Ruh Sağlığı DerneğiTurk Psikiyatri Derg1300-21633432023FallPrimary and Secondary Capacities in the Context of Positive Psychotherapy in Individuals with Antisocial Personality Disorder: The Relationship with Criminal Behaviors and AngerAntisosyal Kişilik Bozukluğu Olan Bireylerde Pozitif Psikoterapi Bağlamında Birincil ve İkincil Yetenekler: Suç İşleme Davranışları ve Öfke ile İlişkisi19120110.5080/u27031ENTRÖzgür MADENEbru SİNİCİÖzcanUZUN10.5080/u27031Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the development of primary (PCs) and secondary capacities (SCs) in individuals diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and the effects of these capacities on delinquent behaviors and anger levels. Methods: 101 male patients aged 18 years and over with a diagnosis of ASPD were divided into two groups as those with a criminal ASPD (cASPD) diagnosis (n=37) and those with a non-criminal ASPD (ncASPD) diagnosis (n=64). Participants were evaluated using a sociodemographic form, Wiesbaden’s Inventory of Positive Psychotherapy and Family Therapy (WIPPF-2) and State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI). Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS 22.0 program; significance level was taken as p<0.05. Results: PCs, SCs and anger control levels of people with ASPD were lower while trait anger, anger expression and anger import were higher than the control group. In cASPD, among the PCs, belief (β=0.796, p=0.032), hope (β=-1.069, p=0.011), relationship (β=-0.980, p=0.007) and sexuality (β=0.937, p=0.021) predicted anger-out, and among the SAs politeness (β=-1.020, p=0.002) and reliability (β=1.140, p=0.001) predicted trait anger level. In ncASPD, patience predicted anger-out (β=-1.752, p=0.001) and anger control (β=1.468, p=0.002); belief (β=1.468, p=0.005) and trust (β=-0.845, p=0.002) predicted anger control. Conclusions: Positive psychotherapy can be effective in improving PCs and SCs of individuals with ASPD, improving interpersonal relationships, reducing criminal behaviors, anger management and psychotherapeutic treatment of ASPD. Keywords: Antisocial personality disorder, primary capacities, secondary capacities, anger, positive psychotherapy