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<ArticleSet><Article><Journal><PublisherName>T&#xFC;rkiye Sinir ve Ruh Sa&#x11F;l&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131; Derne&#x11F;i</PublisherName><JournalTitle>Turk Psikiyatri Derg</JournalTitle><Issn>1300-2163</Issn><Volume>32</Volume><Issue>3</Issue><PubDate><Year>2021</Year><Season>Fall</Season></PubDate></Journal><ArticleTitle>&#xD6;nyaz&#x131;: T&#xFC;rkiye&#x2019;de Sahte/Ya&#x11F;mac&#x131; Yay&#x131;nc&#x131;l&#x131;k ve Bilim</ArticleTitle><FirstPage>A5</FirstPage><LastPage>A6</LastPage><Language>TR</Language><AuthorList><Author><FirstName>Emre</FirstName><LastName>BORA</LastName></Author></AuthorList><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pii">1219</ArticleId><Abstract>Sa&#x11F;l&#x131;kl&#x131; bir hakem s&uuml;recinden ge&ccedil;en bilimsel yay&#x131;nlar bi- limsel geli&#x15F;mede &ouml;nemli bir rol oynam&#x131;&#x15F;t&#x131;r. Sa&#x11F;l&#x131;kl&#x131; bir hakem s&uuml;reci ara&#x15F;t&#x131;rmada yap&#x131;lan sahtecilikler, yanl&#x131;&#x15F; metot se&ccedil;imi ve elde edilen verinin yanl&#x131;&#x15F; analizine ve yoru- muna dayal&#x131; yan&#x131;lt&#x131;c&#x131; sonu&ccedil;lar&#x131;n akademik d&uuml;nyay&#x131; yanl&#x131;&#x15F; y&ouml;nlendirmesine kar&#x15F;&#x131; bir emniyet supab&#x131; g&ouml;revi de g&ouml;rmektedir. Bilimsel &uuml;r&uuml;nlerin hakemli dergilerde yay&#x131;nlanmas&#x131; ve davetli kongre sunumlar&#x131; akademik y&uuml;kselmede &ouml;nemli bir rol oynamaktad&#x131;r. Ayr&#x131;ca bilimsel &uuml;r&uuml;nlere farkl&#x131; &uuml;lkelerde de&#x11F;i- &#x15F;en miktarlarda maddi destek de verilmektedir. Bilimsel ya- y&#x131;nlar&#x131;n akademik y&uuml;kselme ve maddi te&#x15F;vik gibi sonu&ccedil;larla ili&#x15F;kili olmas&#x131; baz&#x131; akademisyenlerde sistemi k&ouml;t&uuml;ye kullan- ma aray&#x131;&#x15F;&#x131;na yol a&ccedil;maktad&#x131;r. Son y&#x131;llarda t&uuml;m d&uuml;nyada ve &uuml;lkemizde bilimsel yay&#x131;nc&#x131;l&#x131;kta sahtecili&#x11F;in &ouml;nemli bir sorun oldu&#x11F;u g&ouml;ze &ccedil;arpmaktad&#x131;r. Bu durum &ouml;zellikle T&uuml;rkiye gibi akademik y&uuml;kselme i&ccedil;in gerekli yay&#x131;n e&#x15F;i&#x11F;i d&uuml;&#x15F;&uuml;k olan &uuml;lkelerde &ouml;nemli g&ouml;z&uuml;kmektedir. Akademik sistemi k&ouml;t&uuml;ye kul- lanma &ccedil;abalar&#x131;n&#x131;n en g&ouml;ze &ccedil;arpan &ouml;rnekleri aras&#x131;nda sahte/ ya&#x11F;mac&#x131; (predatory) dergiler ve sahte/ya&#x11F;mac&#x131; konferanslar vard&#x131;r. Akademik sistemimizin bu t&uuml;r yay&#x131;nlara kar&#x15F;&#x131; cayd&#x131;- r&#x131;c&#x131; &ouml;nlemler almas&#x131; &ouml;nem ta&#x15F;&#x131;maktad&#x131;r. Ayr&#x131;ca, &uuml;lkemizde bilimsel yay&#x131;nlar&#x131;n etik d&#x131;&#x15F;&#x131; davran&#x131;&#x15F;lar nedeniyle retraksi- yonunun (geri &ccedil;ekilme) daha &ccedil;ok &ouml;nemsenmesi gereklidir. Sahte/ya&#x11F;mac&#x131; dergi sorunu a&ccedil;&#x131;k eri&#x15F;im hareketinin olumsuz yans&#x131;malar&#x131;ndan biri olarak t&uuml;m d&uuml;nyada bilimsel yay&#x131;nlar ve akademik sistemin g&uuml;venirli&#x11F;i i&ccedil;in ciddi bir tehdit olu&#x15F;- turmaya ba&#x15F;lam&#x131;&#x15F;t&#x131;r. A&ccedil;&#x131;k eri&#x15F;im modeli bilgiye bir &uuml;cret &ouml;denmeden ula&#x15F;&#x131;labilmesini, bilimsel yay&#x131;nlar&#x131;n okuyucu- lara &uuml;cretsiz ula&#x15F;t&#x131;r&#x131;lmas&#x131;n&#x131; savunur. A&ccedil;&#x131;k eri&#x15F;im modelinin yayg&#x131;nl&#x131;k kazanmas&#x131; sonucu sadece &ccedil;evrimi&ccedil;i yay&#x131;nlanan &ccedil;ok say&#x131;da dergi t&uuml;remi&#x15F;tir. Bu dergilerin ekonomik modeli &ccedil;o- &#x11F;unlukla yazardan &uuml;cret al&#x131;nmas&#x131;na dayan&#x131;r. Bu dergilerin bir&ccedil;o&#x11F;u iyi niyetli ve okuyucu odakl&#x131; giri&#x15F;imlerdir. A&ccedil;&#x131;k eri- &#x15F;im modeline uygun &ccedil;ok say&#x131;da nitelikli hakemli dergi bu- lunmaktad&#x131;r. Ancak bu geli&#x15F;me bilimsel bir kayg&#x131;s&#x131; olmayan giri&#x15F;imcilere finansal kazan&ccedil; i&ccedil;in 2000&rsquo;li y&#x131;llardan itibaren b&uuml;y&uuml;k bir f&#x131;rsat getirmi&#x15F;tir. Bu t&uuml;r sahte bilimsel dergilerde her y&#x131;l y&uuml;zbinlerce makale yay&#x131;nlanmaktad&#x131;r (Mach&aacute;&#x10D;ek ve Srholec 2021, Shen ve Bj&ouml;rk 2015). Sahte/ya&#x11F;mac&#x131; dergi ve yay&#x131;nevlerin &ouml;zellikleri aras&#x131;nda bilim yerine &ouml;z &ccedil;&#x131;karlar&#x131;n&#x131; &ouml;ncelemek, kendilerini yanl&#x131;&#x15F; veya yan&#x131;lt&#x131;c&#x131; bilgilerle tan&#x131;t- mak ve iyi edit&ouml;ryal ve yay&#x131;n uygulamalar&#x131;ndan sapmak ve &#x15F;effaf olmamak vard&#x131;r (Grudniewicz ve ark. 2019). Ayr&#x131;ca bu dergiler s&#x131;kl&#x131;kla olas&#x131; yazarlara &#x131;srarc&#x131; ve toplu davetler yollarlar (Grudniewicz ve ark. 2019). Bu dergilerin yanl&#x131;&#x15F; ve yan&#x131;lt&#x131;c&#x131; bilgi verdi&#x11F;i konular etki fakt&ouml;rleri ve dahil oldu- &#x11F;u indeksler hakk&#x131;nda yalan s&ouml;ylemek, sahte indeks ve ku- rulu&#x15F;larla ili&#x15F;kili oldu&#x11F;unu s&ouml;ylemek, yay&#x131;n kurulu ile ilgili yanl&#x131;&#x15F; bilgi vermeyi i&ccedil;erir. Bu dergiler bazen bilinen dergile- re yan&#x131;lt&#x131;c&#x131; bir &#x15F;ekilde benzer isim al&#x131;rken bazen bilinen bir dergiyle ayn&#x131; isme sahip olabilir. Sahte/ya&#x11F;mac&#x131; dergi terimi ilk olarak Jeffrey Beall taraf&#x131;ndan &ouml;nerilmi&#x15F;tir (Beall 2012). Ara&#x15F;t&#x131;rmac&#x131;lara yard&#x131;mc&#x131; olmak &uuml;zere Beall ve Cabells listesi gibi bu dergileri listeleyen giri&#x15F;imler olmu&#x15F;tur. Sahte/ya&#x11F;mac&#x131; dergilerin hedef kitlesi t&uuml;m d&uuml;nyadaki tecr&uuml;- besiz ara&#x15F;t&#x131;rmac&#x131;lar ve kalite sorunu olan akademisyenlerden, geli&#x15F;mekte olan ve az geli&#x15F;mi&#x15F; &uuml;lkelerden &ccedil;al&#x131;&#x15F;malar&#x131;n&#x131; sayg&#x131;- de&#x11F;er hakemli dergilerde yay&#x131;nlatamayan akademisyenlerden olu&#x15F;maktad&#x131;r. Sahte/ya&#x11F;mac&#x131; dergi sistemi &ccedil;ift tarafl&#x131; &ccedil;&#x131;kara dayanmaktad&#x131;r. Bu s&uuml;re&ccedil;te yay&#x131;nevi, kalitesine ve konusu a&ccedil;&#x131;s&#x131;ndan derginin temas&#x131;yla ilgisine bakmadan m&uuml;mk&uuml;n ol- du&#x11F;u kadar &ccedil;ok makale yay&#x131;nlay&#x131;p &ccedil;&#x131;kar sa&#x11F;lamay&#x131; ama&ccedil;larken akademisyende y&uuml;kseltme &ouml;l&ccedil;&uuml;tlerini bu yolla kar&#x15F;&#x131;lamaya &ccedil;al&#x131;&#x15F;maktad&#x131;r. Sahte/ya&#x11F;mac&#x131; dergilerin yar&#x131;s&#x131;ndan &ccedil;o&#x11F;unun kaynakland&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131; &uuml;lke Hindistan&rsquo;d&#x131;r. Nijerya, M&#x131;s&#x131;r gibi &uuml;lke- lerin yan&#x131;s&#x131;ra y&uuml;zlerce sahte/ya&#x11F;mac&#x131; derginin yay&#x131;nland&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131; T&uuml;rkiye&rsquo;de bu konuda &ouml;n s&#x131;ralardad&#x131;r. Ya&#x11F;mac&#x131; dergilerde yay&#x131;nlarda ismi olan ara&#x15F;t&#x131;rmac&#x131;lara ve bu dergilerin edit&ouml;r- lerine bak&#x131;ld&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131;nda T&uuml;rkiye k&ouml;kenli akademisyenler her iki kategoride de ilk 5 s&#x131;radad&#x131;r (Demir 2018, Xia ve ark. 2015). Bu dergilerde ciddi hakem s&uuml;recinin olmamas&#x131; k&ouml;t&uuml; kaliteli ve yan&#x131;lt&#x131;c&#x131; ara&#x15F;t&#x131;rmalar&#x131;n, sahte bilim ve bilimsel sahtecili&#x11F;in &ouml;n&uuml;n&uuml; a&ccedil;maktad&#x131;r. Son y&#x131;llarda sahte/ya&#x11F;mac&#x131; dergilerdeki yay&#x131;nlarla ilgili &ouml;n- lemler al&#x131;nmaya ba&#x15F;lanm&#x131;&#x15F;t&#x131;r. Amerika Birle&#x15F;ik Devletleri mahkemelerinde en &ccedil;ok &ouml;ne &ccedil;&#x131;kan sahte/ya&#x11F;mac&#x131; yay&#x131;nc&#x131;lar- dan OMICS&rsquo;e 50 milyon dolar tutar&#x131;nda para cezas&#x131; veril- mi&#x15F;tir. Ancak, &ccedil;ok h&#x131;zl&#x131; &ccedil;o&#x11F;alan sahte/ya&#x11F;mac&#x131; dergilerle ku- rumlara y&ouml;nelik m&uuml;cadele g&uuml;&ccedil;t&uuml;r. &Ouml;rne&#x11F;in, OMICS, ya&#x15F;ad&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131; yasal sorunlar ve itibar kayb&#x131; sonras&#x131; dergilerini Hilaris, imed- pub, SciTechnol ve Longdom gibi alt markalar alt&#x131;nda g&ouml;ster- meye ba&#x15F;lam&#x131;&#x15F;t&#x131;r. Bir ba&#x15F;ka yakla&#x15F;&#x131;m ara&#x15F;t&#x131;rmac&#x131;lara y&ouml;nelik &ouml;nlemler almakt&#x131;r. &Ouml;rne&#x11F;in, &Ccedil;in&rsquo;de &uuml;niversiteler, &uuml;niversite &ccedil;al&#x131;&#x15F;anlar&#x131;n&#x131;n sahte/ya&#x11F;mac&#x131; dergilerde makale yay&#x131;mlanma- s&#x131;n&#x131; &ouml;nlemek i&ccedil;in dergi kara listesi yay&#x131;nlam&#x131;&#x15F;t&#x131;r. Akademik d&uuml;nyay&#x131; hedef alan ba&#x15F;ka bir giri&#x15F;im de sahte/ya&#x11F;- mac&#x131; kongrelerdir. Sahte/ya&#x11F;mac&#x131; konferans organizasyonla- r&#x131;na OMICS ba&#x11F;lant&#x131;l&#x131; ConferenceSeries iyi bilinen bir &ouml;r- nektir. T&uuml;rkiye k&ouml;kenli organizasyonlar da uluslararas&#x131; sahte/ ya&#x11F;mac&#x131; kongre pastas&#x131;nda &ouml;nemli bir paya sahiptir. Bir kong- renin sahte/ya&#x11F;mac&#x131; oldu&#x11F;unu g&ouml;steren i&#x15F;aretler aras&#x131;nda fazla geni&#x15F; kapsaml&#x131; g&ouml;z&uuml;kmesi, ayn&#x131; anda birden &ccedil;ok kongrenin ayn&#x131; yerde yap&#x131;l&#x131;yor olmas&#x131;, ger&ccedil;ek&ccedil;i olmayan bilgiler (&ouml;rne- &#x11F;in duymad&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131;n&#x131;z bir kongreye b&uuml;y&uuml;k isimlerin, kurumlar&#x131;n destek olmas&#x131;) vermesi, &ccedil;ok s&#x131;k d&uuml;zenlenmesi, organizat&ouml;rler ve d&uuml;zenleme komitesiyle ilgili do&#x11F;ru d&uuml;zg&uuml;n bilgi olmamas&#x131; vard&#x131;r. Ayr&#x131;ca bu kongreler s&#x131;kl&#x131;kla sahte/ya&#x11F;mac&#x131; dergilerinin sahibi yay&#x131;nevleriyle ili&#x15F;kili g&ouml;z&uuml;k&uuml;r; akademisyenleri hedef alan &#x131;srarc&#x131; ve &ouml;vg&uuml; i&ccedil;eren davet mektuplar&#x131; yollar ve amat&ouml;r ve k&ouml;t&uuml; &#x130;ngilizcesi g&ouml;ze &ccedil;arpan web siteleri vard&#x131;r. Baz&#x131; yerel kongreler de, kendilerini &ldquo;uluslararas&#x131;&rdquo; gibi g&ouml;stererek sistemi k&ouml;t&uuml;ye kullanmaktad&#x131;r. Her ne kadar sahte/ya&#x11F;mac&#x131; dergilerin akademik d&uuml;nyada cid- di bir sorun olmas&#x131; g&ouml;rece yeni bir geli&#x15F;meyse de geli&#x15F;mekte olan bir&ccedil;ok &uuml;lkedeki ve &uuml;lkemizdeki akademisyenlere yabanc&#x131; ve yeni bir kavram olarak gelmemi&#x15F;tir. Bunun nedeni bu &uuml;lke- lerde yerel dergi gelene&#x11F;inin, iyi &ouml;rneklerinin yan&#x131;nda, ulusla- raras&#x131; ve nitelikli hakemlik hizmeti verilen ulusal dergilerde ya- y&#x131;n yapamayan kendi &ccedil;al&#x131;&#x15F;anlar&#x131;n&#x131;n ve di&#x11F;er akademisyenlerin yay&#x131;n yapmas&#x131;n&#x131; hedefleyen d&uuml;&#x15F;&uuml;k kaliteli dergilerini de i&ccedil;er- mesidir. T&uuml;rkiye&rsquo;de bu kapsamda &ccedil;ok say&#x131;da fak&uuml;lte ve kurum dergisi yay&#x131;mlanm&#x131;&#x15F;t&#x131;r. Bu dergilerin motivasyonu kazan&ccedil; elde etmek de&#x11F;il akademik y&uuml;kseltme konusunda ili&#x15F;kili oldu&#x11F;u akademisyenlerin kolay y&ouml;nden y&uuml;kselmesini desteklemektir. Son y&#x131;llarda akademik y&uuml;kselme i&ccedil;in geli&#x15F;mi&#x15F; &uuml;lkelere g&ouml;re az say&#x131;da da olsa &uuml;lkemizde de SCI kapsam&#x131;nda yay&#x131;nlar gerekli hale gelmi&#x15F;tir. Bu geli&#x15F;me bu t&uuml;r dergilerdeki yay&#x131;nlar&#x131;n i&#x15F;le- vini zay&#x131;flatm&#x131;&#x15F;t&#x131;r ve bu t&uuml;r dergilerin &ouml;nemi bir &ouml;l&ccedil;&uuml;de azal- m&#x131;&#x15F;t&#x131;r. Ancak akademik te&#x15F;vik, kurum i&ccedil;i y&uuml;kseltmelerde puan sistemi, &ldquo;uluslararas&#x131;&rdquo; yay&#x131;n ihtiyac&#x131; ve &ouml;&#x11F;rencilerin Orpheus &ouml;l&ccedil;&uuml;tlerini kar&#x15F;&#x131;layabilmesi gibi nedenlerle bu t&uuml;r dergi ve kongreler halen bir sorun olmay&#x131; s&uuml;rd&uuml;rmektedir. Dergipark&rsquo;a kay&#x131;tl&#x131; 2030 dergi (30.08.2021) incelendi&#x11F;inde uluslararas&#x131; ol- mad&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131; halde kendini uluslararas&#x131; g&ouml;steren, hakem ve edit&ouml;rl&uuml;k s&uuml;zgeci &ccedil;ok zay&#x131;f olan, makale ba&#x15F;&#x131;na ortanca at&#x131;f say&#x131;s&#x131; s&#x131;f&#x131;r olan &ccedil;ok say&#x131;da dergi varl&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131;n&#x131; s&uuml;rd&uuml;rmektedir. &nbsp; D&uuml;nyada ve T&uuml;rkiye&rsquo;de bilimin geli&#x15F;mesi ve etik d&#x131;&#x15F;&#x131; uygulama- lar&#x131;n &ouml;nlenmesi i&ccedil;in y&uuml;kseltmelerde bilimsel &uuml;r&uuml;nlerin niceli- &#x11F;inden &ccedil;ok niteli&#x11F;inin &ouml;nemsenmesi &ouml;nemlidir. Ayr&#x131;ca, yo&#x11F;un olarak sahte/ya&#x11F;mac&#x131; ve gri alandaki dergi ve kongrelerde yay&#x131;n yapan akademisyenlerin y&uuml;kseltilmemesi, akademik i&#x15F;lere uy- gun bulunmamas&#x131; ve sayg&#x131;nl&#x131;k kayb&#x131; gibi sonu&ccedil;larla kar&#x15F;&#x131;la&#x15F;ma- s&#x131; gerekir. T&uuml;rkiye&rsquo;de Y&Ouml;K&rsquo;&uuml;n do&ccedil;entlik s&#x131;nav&#x131;nda j&uuml;ri g&ouml;revi yapan &ouml;&#x11F;retim &uuml;yelerini de&#x11F;erlendirmelerinde sahte/ya&#x11F;mac&#x131; dergi/kongre ve etik d&#x131;&#x15F;&#x131; uygulamalar&#x131; g&ouml;z &ouml;n&uuml;ne alma konu- sunda e&#x11F;itmeleri &ouml;nemlidir. Akademik d&uuml;nyam&#x131;zda Retraction Watch gibi giri&#x15F;imlerin takip edilmesi ve yerel benzerlerinin desteklenmesi bilimsel kalitenin art&#x131;r&#x131;lmas&#x131;na hizmet edecektir. Y&uuml;ksek&ouml;&#x11F;retim Kurulu 2019 y&#x131;l&#x131;nda ya&#x11F;mac&#x131; dergilerin aka- demik y&uuml;kseltmelerde kullan&#x131;lmamas&#x131;n&#x131; kararla&#x15F;t&#x131;rm&#x131;&#x15F;t&#x131;r. Ayn&#x131; s&uuml;re&ccedil;te ya&#x11F;mac&#x131; kongrelerin de mercek alt&#x131;na al&#x131;naca&#x11F;&#x131; s&ouml;ylen- mi&#x15F;tir ancak hen&uuml;z bu konuda bir d&uuml;zenleme yap&#x131;lmam&#x131;&#x15F;t&#x131;r. Bu d&uuml;zenleme olumludur ancak baz&#x131; eksikleri vard&#x131;r. Var olan d&uuml;zenleme de a&ccedil;&#x131;k eri&#x15F;im ve sahte/ya&#x11F;mac&#x131; dergi ayr&#x131;m&#x131; iyi yap&#x131;lmam&#x131;&#x15F;t&#x131;r. Ayr&#x131;ca, yay&#x131;nlar&#x131; yo&#x11F;un olarak sahte/ya&#x11F;mac&#x131; dergilerde yay&#x131;nlar&#x131; olan akademisyenler y&uuml;kseltilmeye devam edilmektedir. Etik d&#x131;&#x15F;&#x131; nedenlerle (&ouml;rne&#x11F;in ya&#x11F;mac&#x131;l&#x131;k ya da fabrikasyon) retraksiyon ve yo&#x11F;un olarak sahte/ya&#x11F;mac&#x131; dergi- lerdeki yay&#x131;nlar Y&Ouml;K ve mesleki &ouml;rg&uuml;tlerin etik ilkeleri aras&#x131;nda yer almal&#x131; ve bu konular etik/onur kurullar&#x131;nda ele al&#x131;nmal&#x131;d&#x131;r. Sahte/ya&#x11F;mac&#x131; dergiler, yay&#x131;nevleri, kongreler sorunu ve etik ihlal nedenli retraksiyonlar, T&uuml;rkiye Psikiyatri Derne&#x11F;i&rsquo;nin de daha &ccedil;ok g&uuml;ndemine gelmekte olan konulard&#x131;r. Gen&ccedil; psi- kiyatrist ve bilim insanlar&#x131;na &ouml;nerilerimiz: bilimsel makale yay&#x131;nlama s&uuml;recinde, e-posta yoluyla ula&#x15F;arak tan&#x131;t&#x131;m yapan ve yay&#x131;n isteyen dergilere temkinli ve sorgulay&#x131;c&#x131; yakla&#x15F;mala- r&#x131;, thinkchecksubmit gibi web sitelerinden ve sahte/ya&#x11F;mac&#x131; dergi listelerinden yararlanmalar&#x131;, dergilerin web sitelerini in- celeyerek sahte/ya&#x11F;mac&#x131; dergileri ay&#x131;rt etmeyi &ouml;&#x11F;renmeleri ve gerekti&#x11F;inde bu konularda tecr&uuml;beli &ouml;&#x11F;retim &uuml;yelerine dan&#x131;&#x15F;- malar&#x131;d&#x131;r. T&uuml;rkiye Psikiyatri Derne&#x11F;i&rsquo;de gen&ccedil; ruh sa&#x11F;l&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131; &ccedil;al&#x131;- &#x15F;anlar&#x131;n&#x131; ve bilim insanlar&#x131;n&#x131; bu konularda bilin&ccedil;lendirmek- te &uuml;st&uuml;ne d&uuml;&#x15F;eni yapmal&#x131;d&#x131;r. T&uuml;rkiye&rsquo;de psikiyatri ve genel olarak akademik d&uuml;nyam&#x131;zda bilimsel yay&#x131;nc&#x131;l&#x131;k konusunda kar&#x15F;&#x131;la&#x15F;t&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131;m&#x131;z etik sorunlar&#x131;n evrensel de&#x11F;erleri benimseyen gen&ccedil; meslekta&#x15F;lar&#x131;m&#x131;z&#x131;n katk&#x131;lar&#x131;yla &ouml;n&uuml;m&uuml;zdeki y&#x131;llarda a&#x15F;&#x131;laca&#x11F;&#x131;n&#x131; umuyoruz. KAYNAKLAR Beall J (2012) Predatory publishers are corrupting open access. Nature. 489:179. Demir SB (2018) Predatory journals: Who publishes in them and why? Journal of Informetrics 12:1296&ndash;311 Grudniewicz A, Moher D, Cobey KD ve ark. (2019) Predatory journals: no definition, no defence. Nature 576:210-2. Mach&aacute;&#x10D;ek V, Srholec M (2021) Predatory publishing in Scopus: evidence on cross-country differences. Scientometrics, 126:1897-1921. 2021 Feb 7:1- doi: 10.1007/s11192-020-03852-4. Shen C, Bj&ouml;rk BC (2015) &lsquo;Predatory&rsquo; open access: a longitudinal study of article volumes and market characteristics. BMC Med 13:230. Xia J, Harmon JL, Connolly KG, ve ark. (2015) Who publishes in &lsquo;predatory&rsquo; journals? J Assoc Inf Sci Technol. 66:1406&ndash;17.</Abstract></ArticleIdList></Article><Article><Journal><PublisherName>T&#xFC;rkiye Sinir ve Ruh Sa&#x11F;l&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131; Derne&#x11F;i</PublisherName><JournalTitle>Turk Psikiyatri Derg</JournalTitle><Issn>1300-2163</Issn><Volume>32</Volume><Issue>3</Issue><PubDate><Year>2021</Year><Season>Fall</Season></PubDate></Journal><ArticleTitle>Assessment of Mortality Rate in 10 Years and the Associated Risk Factors in Schizophrenia</ArticleTitle><VernacularTitle>&#x15E;izofrenide 10 Y&#x131;ll&#x131;k &#xD6;l&#xFC;m Oran&#x131; ve Risk Etmenlerinin De&#x11F;erlendirmesi</VernacularTitle><FirstPage>151&#x2212;159</FirstPage><LastPage/><Language>EN</Language><Language>TR</Language><AuthorList><Author><FirstName>Hilmi</FirstName><LastName>YA&#x15E;AR</LastName></Author><Author><FirstName>Mustafa</FirstName><LastName>YILDIZ</LastName></Author></AuthorList><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pii">1220</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><Abstract>Objective: The aim of the study was to explore the mortality rate and the associated risks factors in patients with schizophrenia during a10- year follow up period. Method: We searched the records of patients with schizophrenia receiving treatment as outpatients and/or inpatients in the psychiatric clinic of a university hospital between 2004 and 2008 and determine the survival of these patients by the end of 2018. The results were compared with the all cause mortality rate in the general population during the same period. Also, the risk factors affecting the mortality rate among the patients were investigated. Results: Out of a total of 626 registered patients 506 were included in the study. The mortality rate within 10 years was found to be 10.6%, with a mean age of 53.1 years at the time of death. The overall expected life expectancy was 73.4 years; varying between 66.6 years among the males and 77.6 years among the females; and 64.7 and 76.5 years among smokers and non-smokers, respectively. The overall standardized mortality rate (SMR) was 3.7, being 3.9 among the males and 3.3 among the females. The risk factors that were associated with the death were old age, male gender, smoking, not working, and early age of disease onset. Conclusion: Smoking is a significant risk factor for mortality. Giving priority to programs for stopping smoking, and supporting rehabilitation services that enables patients to get involved in could help reducing the mortality risk.</Abstract></Article><Article><Journal><PublisherName>T&#xFC;rkiye Sinir ve Ruh Sa&#x11F;l&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131; Derne&#x11F;i</PublisherName><JournalTitle>Turk Psikiyatri Derg</JournalTitle><Issn>1300-2163</Issn><Volume>32</Volume><Issue>3</Issue><PubDate><Year>2021</Year><Season>Fall</Season></PubDate></Journal><ArticleTitle>Association of Nicotine Use Disorder with Neurexin 3 Gene Polymorphisms</ArticleTitle><VernacularTitle>Nikotin Kullan&#x131;m Bozuklu&#x11F;unun Neurexin 3 Gen Polimorfizmi ile &#x130;li&#x15F;kisi</VernacularTitle><FirstPage>160&#x2212;166</FirstPage><LastPage/><Language>EN</Language><Language>TR</Language><AuthorList><Author><FirstName>G&#xFC;lcan</FirstName><LastName>G&#xDC;LE&#xC7;</LastName></Author><Author><FirstName>Didem TURGUT</FirstName><LastName>CO&#x15E;AN</LastName></Author><Author><FirstName>Fezan MUTLU</FirstName><LastName>&#x15E;AH&#x130;N</LastName></Author><Author><FirstName>&#x130;brahim U&#x11F;ur</FirstName><LastName>&#xC7;ALI&#x15E;</LastName></Author><Author><FirstName>Melis DANI&#x15E;MAN</FirstName><LastName>SONKURT</LastName></Author><Author><FirstName>Ferdi</FirstName><LastName>K&#xD6;&#x15E;GER</LastName></Author><Author><FirstName>Altan</FirstName><LastName>E&#x15E;S&#x130;ZO&#x11E;LU</LastName></Author></AuthorList><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pii">1221</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><Abstract>Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate the Neurexin 3 gene (NRXN3) polymorphisms in the rs 221473, rs 221497, rs1004212 and rs11624704 regions in relation to nicotine use disorder (NUD) in the Turkish population. Method: Power analysis indicated that the NUD group and the control group of this study should each comprise 200 participants in the 18-65 year age range. The NUD group consisted of individuals without a psychiatric first axis disorder except for NUD, mental retardation, past head trauma or a neurological disorder, who had smoked minimally10 cigarettes per day for at least 1 year. The control group included individuals without a serious chronic physical illness, a previous psychiatric disorder or mental retardation and who responded &ldquo;no&rdquo; to the question &ldquo;have you ever smoked?&rdquo; A sociodemographic questionnaire and the Fagestr&ouml;m nicotine dependence scale (FNDS) for the NUD group were utilized. Venous blood samples of all participants were taken into tubes containing EDTA (ethylene daimine tetra acetic acid) for DNA extraction. Duplex fluorescence melting curve analysis was used for genotype detection and differentiation. Results: The individuals carrying the AC allele and the AG allele at the rs11624704 and the rs1004212 regions respectively had a high risk of being addicted to cigarettes. Conclusion: This is first study investigating the relationship of the NRXN3 gene and nicotine addiction in the Turkish population. It was observed that the risk of NUD in the Turkish population may be related to the Neurexin gene.</Abstract></Article><Article><Journal><PublisherName>T&#xFC;rkiye Sinir ve Ruh Sa&#x11F;l&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131; Derne&#x11F;i</PublisherName><JournalTitle>Turk Psikiyatri Derg</JournalTitle><Issn>1300-2163</Issn><Volume>32</Volume><Issue>3</Issue><PubDate><Year>2021</Year><Season>Fall</Season></PubDate></Journal><ArticleTitle>Iconic Memory in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder</ArticleTitle><VernacularTitle>Obsesif Kompulsif Bozuklukta &#x130;konik Bellek</VernacularTitle><FirstPage>167&#x2212;175</FirstPage><LastPage/><Language>EN</Language><Language>TR</Language><AuthorList><Author><FirstName>Mehmet</FirstName><LastName>MART</LastName></Author><Author><FirstName>Selim</FirstName><LastName>T&#xDC;MKAYA</LastName></Author></AuthorList><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pii">1222</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><Abstract>Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate whether there is a fast decay in the iconic memory of patients with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) compared to healthy individuals by taking into consideration the clinical OCD subtypes. Method: The study included 74 patients diagnosed with OCD on the basis of the DSM 5 criteria and 63 healthy individuals. The OCD patients were grouped as washers, checkers, both washers and checkers, and non-washers and non-checkers. All participants took a partial report test (PRT) to compare iconic memory performance between the healthy control group and the OCD group as a whole and in OCD subgroups. Results: Loss of iconic memory did not differ between OCD group and the controls. The iconic memory scores, expressed as the d&rsquo; values, at specified time points correlated negatively with age and positively with education duration in all groups. When the subgroup data were analyzed by controlling for age, the d1&rsquo;value showing formation of iconic information was lower in the washers subgroup in comparison to the checkers subgroup and the nonwashers and non-checkers subgroup. The d7&rsquo; value was also lower in the washers subgroup than in the the non-washers and non-checkers subgroup and the healthy control group. The iconic decay rate of the washers subgroup between the time points d6&rsquo; and d7&rsquo; was significantly higher in comparison to the healthy control group. The scores of OCD patients on the washing subscale of the Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Inventory (MOCI) showed negative correlations with the iconic memory scores at all time points. Conclusion: This study showed that washer OCD patients may have impaired iconic formation and fast iconic decay, which could significantly affect the amount of information transferred to visual memory.</Abstract></Article><Article><Journal><PublisherName>T&#xFC;rkiye Sinir ve Ruh Sa&#x11F;l&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131; Derne&#x11F;i</PublisherName><JournalTitle>Turk Psikiyatri Derg</JournalTitle><Issn>1300-2163</Issn><Volume>32</Volume><Issue>3</Issue><PubDate><Year>2021</Year><Season>Fall</Season></PubDate></Journal><ArticleTitle>Retinal Scan with Optical Coherence Tomography in Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder</ArticleTitle><VernacularTitle>Yeti&#x15F;kin DEHB Olgular&#x131;nda Optik Koherens Tomografi ile Retina Taranmas&#x131;</VernacularTitle><FirstPage>176&#x2212;182</FirstPage><LastPage/><Language>EN</Language><Language>TR</Language><AuthorList><Author><FirstName>M&#xFC;nevver</FirstName><LastName>T&#xDC;NEL</LastName></Author><Author><FirstName>Nedime &#x15E;AH&#x130;NO&#x11E;LU</FirstName><LastName>KE&#x15E;KEK</LastName></Author></AuthorList><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pii">1223</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><Abstract>Objective: In this study, the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thicknesses were compared between adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) cases and healthy controls. Method: The study included adults diagnosed with ADHD based on the DSM-5 criteria and age and gender matched healthy controls. Spectral area optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed on the 52 eyes of 26 participants with ADHD and the 52 eyes of the 26 healthy control individuals. Results: Comparing the data on the 52 eyes of 26 ADHD participants and the 52 eyes of 26 healthy control participants indicated that the central macular thickness (CMT) and the RNFL thicknesses, the ganglion cell complex (GCC), the mean inner macular ring (MIRAVG) and the mean outer macular ring (MOR-AVG) thicknesses were significantly lower in the ADHD group. Conclusion: This is the first study in the literature on the RNFL thickness in adult ADHD patients. Our findings demonstrated that RNFL thickness is lower in ADHD cases as the unmyelinated axons are reduced in ADHD. Hence, the quantitative and reproducible nature of Spectral Domain-OCT thickness measurements can be used as biomarkers to monitor disease progression in ADHD cases.</Abstract></Article><Article><Journal><PublisherName>T&#xFC;rkiye Sinir ve Ruh Sa&#x11F;l&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131; Derne&#x11F;i</PublisherName><JournalTitle>Turk Psikiyatri Derg</JournalTitle><Issn>1300-2163</Issn><Volume>32</Volume><Issue>3</Issue><PubDate><Year>2021</Year><Season>Fall</Season></PubDate></Journal><ArticleTitle>Turkish Adaptation Study of the Perceived Devaluation Discrimination Scale</ArticleTitle><VernacularTitle>Alg&#x131;lanan De&#x11F;ersizle&#x15F;tirme-Ayr&#x131;mc&#x131;l&#x131;k &#xD6;l&#xE7;e&#x11F;i&#x2019;nin T&#xFC;rk&#xE7;eye Uyarlama &#xC7;al&#x131;&#x15F;mas&#x131;</VernacularTitle><FirstPage>183&#x2212;191</FirstPage><LastPage/><Language>EN</Language><Language>TR</Language><AuthorList><Author><FirstName>Kutay</FirstName><LastName>SA&#xC7;AK</LastName></Author><Author><FirstName>Deniz CANEL</FirstName><LastName>&#xC7;INARBA&#x15E;</LastName></Author></AuthorList><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pii">1224</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><Abstract>Objective: The aim of this study is to adapt Perceived Devaluation- Discrimination (PDD) scale for Turkish language and culture. Method: Participants from clinical and community populations were included in the study. The community sample consisted of 145 healthy individuals from the general community and the clinical sample consisted of 85 individuals with chronic psychiatric disorders. Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of PDD were assessed in the general community and clinical samples. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency analysis, convergent and discriminant validity analyses were conducted. Results: As a result of exploratory factor analysis, a two-factor structure for PDD emerged in both the general community and clinical samples. Confirmatory factor analysis also supported the two-factor structure in both samples. These factors were named as Perceived Discrimination and Negative Evaluation and Perceived Acceptance and Non-negative Evaluation subscales. Cronbach&rsquo;s alpha values for PDD were 0.76 in the general community sample and 0.79 in the clinical sample. Alpha values of PDD subscales ranged between 0.72 and 0.77 in both samples. While convergent and discriminant validity tests provided partial support for construct validity of PDD in the general community sample, the convergent validity tests conducted with the clinical sample provided evidence for validity of PDD. Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, it has been demonstrated that the Turkish version of PDD is reliable and valid and can be used with community and clinical samples to measure perceived devaluation and discrimination.</Abstract></Article><Article><Journal><PublisherName>T&#xFC;rkiye Sinir ve Ruh Sa&#x11F;l&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131; Derne&#x11F;i</PublisherName><JournalTitle>Turk Psikiyatri Derg</JournalTitle><Issn>1300-2163</Issn><Volume>32</Volume><Issue>3</Issue><PubDate><Year>2021</Year><Season>Fall</Season></PubDate></Journal><ArticleTitle>The Turkish Validity and Reliability Study of the Observable Social Cognition &#x2013;A Rating Scale for Patients with Schizophrenia</ArticleTitle><VernacularTitle>&#x15E;izofreni Hastalar&#x131;nda G&#xF6;zlenebilir Toplumsal Bili&#x15F;i De&#x11F;erlendirme &#xD6;l&#xE7;e&#x11F;i&#x2019;nin T&#xFC;rk&#xE7;e Ge&#xE7;erlik ve G&#xFC;venirlik &#xC7;al&#x131;&#x15F;mas&#x131;</VernacularTitle><FirstPage>192&#x2212;200</FirstPage><LastPage/><Language>EN</Language><Language>TR</Language><AuthorList><Author><FirstName>Zeynep</FirstName><LastName>&#xD6;ZASLAN</LastName></Author><Author><FirstName>Mustafa</FirstName><LastName>YILDIZ</LastName></Author></AuthorList><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pii">1225</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><Abstract>Objective: The Observable Social Cognition&ndash;A Rating Scale (OSCARS) is an eight-item, interview-based psychometric tool that was developed by Healey et al. (2015) for evaluating social cognition with respect to the theory of mind, emotion perception, and attributional style in schizophrenia. The aim of this study is to determine the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the scale. Method: The study was conducted with 50 patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder and 50 relatives of these patients using the OSCARS, the Face Emotion Discrimination/Identification Test (FEDT/FEIT), the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS), the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) and the Dokuz Eyl&uuml;l Theory of Mind Index (DEZIKO). The validity of the OSCARS was assessed by exploratory factor analysis and concurrent validity analysis, the reliability was demonstrated by the internal consistency coefficient, item-total item correlation, and test-retest comparisons. Results: The Cronbach&rsquo;s alpha coefficient of the OSCARS-TR was 0.83. Explanatory factor analysis yielded a 2-factor structure explaining 64.2% of the total variance of the scale. The total score of the OSCARSTR correlated significantly with the DEZIKO (r=-0.49), the GAF (r=- 0.50), the PANSS (r=0.54) and the FEDT (r=-0.29) total scores but not with the FEIT scores. The total scores of the OSCARS-TR completed by the patients and by the relatives of the patients correlated with statistical significance (r=0.93). The test-retest reliability coefficient of OSCARS-TR was 0.95. Conclusion: The results demonstrated the validity and the reliability of the OSCARS-TR. The scale can be easily implemented on an interview basis as an appropriate tool for evaluating social cognition.</Abstract></Article><Article><Journal><PublisherName>T&#xFC;rkiye Sinir ve Ruh Sa&#x11F;l&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131; Derne&#x11F;i</PublisherName><JournalTitle>Turk Psikiyatri Derg</JournalTitle><Issn>1300-2163</Issn><Volume>32</Volume><Issue>3</Issue><PubDate><Year>2021</Year><Season>Fall</Season></PubDate></Journal><ArticleTitle>Killing One&#x2019;s Own Baby: A Psychodynamic Overview with Clinical Approach to Filicide Cases</ArticleTitle><VernacularTitle>Kendi Bebe&#x11F;ini &#xD6;ld&#xFC;rmek: Filisid Olgular&#x131;na Psikodinamik Bak&#x131;&#x15F; ve Klinik Yakla&#x15F;&#x131;m</VernacularTitle><FirstPage>201&#x2212;210</FirstPage><LastPage/><Language>EN</Language><Language>TR</Language><AuthorList><Author><FirstName>Dil&#x15F;ad FOTO</FirstName><LastName>&#xD6;ZDEM&#x130;R</LastName></Author><Author><FirstName>&#x15E;. G&#xFC;lin</FirstName><LastName>EV&#x130;N&#xC7;</LastName></Author></AuthorList><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pii">1226</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><Abstract>Objective: This review article discusses the multi-dimensional and complex pattern of filicide from a psychodynamic perspective with reference to the recent publications. Creating awareness to filicide among professionals will help to the correct assessment of the cases, recognition of and intervention on filicide before the act, and the development of preventive mechanisms. Method: Published articles between January 1960 and March 2020 were searched using the keywords &lsquo;filicide, infanticide, neonaticide, mother/ parent/ maternal/ paternal, psychodynamics&rsquo; in the Google Scholar, EBSCHO-HOST, Science-Direct, PubMed and Web of Science databases. Results: The term filicide refers to the murder of the offspring by the parent. Although it is a common belief that the children are murdered boy strangers, the reported figures may not be representing the truth. No families are detected in one fourth of all murdered infants within the first 24 hours. The death of abondoned children are classified as &lsquo;due to natural causes&rsquo;. Some murders might not be reported properly and therefore, actual murders by own parents might have been missed on the records. It is known that filicide is a heterogeneous phenomenon requiring a multidimensional evaluation in being affected by cultural values, belief systems of the society as well as the bio-psycho-social and developmental variables. It is reported in the literature that filicide cases have a common profile and that training clinicians on this complex phenomenon would be effective on prevention strategies. Conclusion: The concept of filicide is controversial in many aspects and mental health professionals tend to distance themselves since the concept is associated with &lsquo;crime&rsquo;. However it is crucial to elucidate the psychodinamic background on violence and discuss the risk factors, triggers, background dynamics and psychopathologies underlying this phenomenon.</Abstract></Article><Article><Journal><PublisherName>T&#xFC;rkiye Sinir ve Ruh Sa&#x11F;l&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131; Derne&#x11F;i</PublisherName><JournalTitle>Turk Psikiyatri Derg</JournalTitle><Issn>1300-2163</Issn><Volume>32</Volume><Issue>3</Issue><PubDate><Year>2021</Year><Season>Fall</Season></PubDate></Journal><ArticleTitle>Severe Nutritional and Psychosocial Deficits in Avoidant/ Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID): Case Report</ArticleTitle><VernacularTitle>Ka&#xE7;&#x131;ngan/K&#x131;s&#x131;tl&#x131; Yiyecek Al&#x131;m&#x131; Bozuklu&#x11F;unda (KKYAB) G&#xF6;r&#xFC;len A&#x11F;&#x131;r Beslenme Eksikli&#x11F;i ve Psikososyal Eksiklik: Olgu Sunumu</VernacularTitle><FirstPage>211&#x2212;213</FirstPage><LastPage/><Language>EN</Language><Language>TR</Language><AuthorList><Author><FirstName>Rupam</FirstName><LastName>DHIMAN</LastName></Author><Author><FirstName>Nitisha</FirstName><LastName>VERMA</LastName></Author><Author><FirstName>Manushree</FirstName><LastName>GUPTA</LastName></Author><Author><FirstName>Kuldip</FirstName><LastName>KUMAR</LastName></Author></AuthorList><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pii">1227</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><Abstract>Avoidant/Restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is a diagnostic category that is included in the DSM 5 (American Psychiatric Association- APA 2013) and proposed by the ICD11 (The World Health Organisation-WHO 2019). Very few ARFID cases have been reported to date. This report aims to present the case of a 25-year-old female who was diagnosed with ARFID and thereby to discuss the challenges in diagnosing and managing the case.</Abstract></Article><Article><Journal><PublisherName>T&#xFC;rkiye Sinir ve Ruh Sa&#x11F;l&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131; Derne&#x11F;i</PublisherName><JournalTitle>Turk Psikiyatri Derg</JournalTitle><Issn>1300-2163</Issn><Volume>32</Volume><Issue>3</Issue><PubDate><Year>2021</Year><Season>Fall</Season></PubDate></Journal><ArticleTitle>Isotretinoin Induced Psychotic Mania: A Case Report</ArticleTitle><VernacularTitle>&#x130;zotretinoin ile &#x130;li&#x15F;kili Psikotik Mani Ata&#x11F;&#x131;: Olgu Sunumu</VernacularTitle><FirstPage>214&#x2212;218</FirstPage><LastPage/><Language>EN</Language><Language>TR</Language><AuthorList><Author><FirstName>Faruk</FirstName><LastName>KURHAN</LastName></Author><Author><FirstName>G&#xFC;ls&#xFC;m Zuhal</FirstName><LastName>KAMI&#x15E;</LastName></Author></AuthorList><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pii">1228</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><Abstract>Biological, genetic and psychosocial factors may play a role in the aetiology of bipolar mood disorder (BPD). BPD episodes might be triggered by isotretinoin, a retinoid derivative of vitamin A with a role in cellular proliferation and differentiation. Due to its association with depression, suicidal ideation and suicide attempts, American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a placement of a label warning for isotretionin. Personal or family history of psychiatric disorders was emphasized in the literature for the risk of mood episodes following isotretionin treatment. Here we aim to present the case of an 18- year old young male adult, without personal or family history of a psychiatric disorder, who developed psychotic mania within the first week of isoretinoin which was prescribed for acne vulgaris. Psychotic mania symptoms receded within one week after starting olanzapine (10 mg/day). We believe this case is significant in demonstrating the occurence of a manic episode after isoretinoin in individuals lacking a personal or family history of psychiatric diagnoses.</Abstract></Article><Article><Journal><PublisherName>T&#xFC;rkiye Sinir ve Ruh Sa&#x11F;l&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131; Derne&#x11F;i</PublisherName><JournalTitle>Turk Psikiyatri Derg</JournalTitle><Issn>1300-2163</Issn><Volume>32</Volume><Issue>3</Issue><PubDate><Year>2021</Year><Season>Fall</Season></PubDate></Journal><ArticleTitle>Letter to the Editor: THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON SCHIZOPHRENIA PATIENTS</ArticleTitle><VernacularTitle>Edit&#xF6;re Mektup: COVID-19 SALGINININ &#x15E;&#x130;ZOFREN&#x130; HASTALARINDAK&#x130; ETK&#x130;S&#x130;</VernacularTitle><FirstPage>219</FirstPage><LastPage>221</LastPage><Language>EN</Language><Language>TR</Language><AuthorList><Author><FirstName>Emine Ilg&#x131;n</FirstName><LastName>Ho&#x15F;gelen</LastName></Author><Author><FirstName>K&#xF6;ksal</FirstName><LastName>Alptekin</LastName></Author></AuthorList><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pii">1229</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><Abstract>Dear Editor, The Covid-19 pandemic affected human life globally, inducing much stress on daily living (&#xC7;ak&#x131;ro&#x11F;lu et al. 2020). Although assessments of general mental health during the Covid-19 pandemic have been widely reported, there is not adequate research on how schizophrenia patients have been affected. According to the World Health Organization (2020), individuals with chronic diseases who do not pay attention to their personal hygiene and the rules of protection from COVID-19 have a higher risk of getting infected than the healthy individuals who observe these measures. It is well known that the risk of Covid-19 infection is raised among schizophrenia patients due to negligence on the requisite control of personal hygiene and health conditions related to smoking and diabetes ( Cohn et al., 2004; Dinan et al., 2004; Krieger et al. 2019). The cognitive impairment in this disorder which reduces the perceptions on the necessity of self protection and the awareness of the risks proposed to underlie this raised risk of COVID-19 positivity (Yao et al. 2020). These patients have difficulty in following the preventive regulations (Palomar-Ciria et al., 2020). Apart from the risk of infection, there is also the risk of pandemic related development of auditory or visual hallucinations and delusional symptoms by acute and chronic psychosis patients during and after the pandemic (Brown et al. 2020, Cowan 2020). Therefore, this survey has been organised to evaluate the reaction developed by schizophrenia patients to the pandemic conditions. The first Covid-19 case was reported in Turkey on 11 March 2020 (Anadolu Agency, 11.03.2020) which was followed by the gradual increase in case numbers. In order to prevent the spread of Covid-19 and maintain the existing public health, the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health established a &#x2018;Scientific Committee&#x2019;&#x2019; and prepared effective strategies including social isolation, quarantine, school closures, social distancing and wearing face mask in the community. During this process, the approximately 250 schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder patients followed up by the Psychosis Outpatient Unit of Dokuz Eylul University Hospital Psychiatry Department (DEUPD) were instructed to visit the outpatient unit only in emergency conditions. It was determined that there were 176 schizophrenia patients whose follow up visit appointments for the period of April 1 - June 22, 2020, scheduled before the announcement of the pandemic, were cancelled. Therefore, the survey reported here was conducted with the schizophrenia patients of the DEUPD online and by telephone connections during 10- 20 May, 2020, the 9th and the 10th weeks of the pandemic. Only 76 (43.19%) of the 176 patients joined the survey, since 4 (2.27%) refused to participate and 96 (54.4%) could not be contacted. The survey aimed to determine the incidence of Covid-19 diagnosis among these schizophrenia patients and their attitude to the preventive measures against the infection during the first 2 months of the pandemic, together with how they felt and their needs for psychiatric consultation on outpatient basis during this period. The surveyed 76 patients consisted of 49 (64%) males and 27 (35%) females, with 73 (96.1%) dwelling in urban and 3 (3.9%) in suburban areas; and only 11 (14.5%) employed while 65 (85.5%) were not working. Only two patients reported consulting emergency services for Covid-19 symptoms. The rest of the patients did not report consulting a healthcare facility for suspecting Covid-19 symptoms or &#xA0; Table 1. Data on the demographic, clinical and social features of the schizophrenia patients during the COVID-19 pandemic &#xA0; n=76 &#xA0; &#xA0; &#xA0; &#xA0; &#xA0; Mean SD &#xA0; Gender (F/M) 27 (35.5%) / 49 (64.5%) &#xA0; &#xA0; Age &#xA0; 44.54 12.21 &#xA0; Disease duration &#xA0; 16.62 9.96 &#xA0; Patients living /with &#xA0; &#xA0; &#xA0; &#xA0; Alone &#xA0; 3 (3.9%) &#xA0; &#xA0; Parent(s) &#xA0; 43 (56.6%) &#xA0; &#xA0; Spouse/children 25 (32.9%) &#xA0; &#xA0; Sibling (s) 1 (1.3%) &#xA0; &#xA0; Relative(s) 2 (2.6%) &#xA0; &#xA0; Friend(s) &#xA0; 2 (2.6%) &#xA0; &#xA0; &#xA0; &#xA0; &#xA0; Yes No Need to see a psychiatrist &#xA0; &#xA0; 23 (30.3%) 53 (69.7%) Subjective psychiatric complaints &#xA0; &#xA0; 32 (42.1%) 44 (57.9%) Consultation with an emergency service &#xA0; &#xA0; 2 (2.6%) 74 (97.4%) Planning to go to the hospital in the post-quarantine period &#xA0; 58 (76.3%) 18 (23.7%) Wearing a mask in community &#xA0; &#xA0; 67 (88.2%) 4 (5.3%) Keeping social distancing &#xA0; &#xA0; 68 (89.5%) 3 (3.9%) Expressed feeling &#xA0; &#xA0; &#xA0; &#xA0; Loneliness &#xA0; 26 (34.2%) 49 (64.5%) Depressed &#xA0; 31 (40.8%) 44 (57.9%) Despaired &#xA0; 22 (28.9%) 52 (68.4%) Anxious &#xA0; &#xA0; 25 (32.9%) 49 (64.5%) Difficulty of going to the hospital in the quarantine period &#xA0; 53 (69.7%) 23 (30.3%) &#xA0; hospital admission for Covid-19 infection or psychotic attack or incidences of Covid-19 related hallucination or delusions. During this 2-month period, 4 patients had experienced fatigue, 2 had episodes of dry cough and 7 had experienced shortness of breath, which can be associated with the nature of schizophrenia, the sedentary life style.and cigarette smoking. Medication was prescribed by a psychiatrist for 10 patients and by a family doctor for 16 patients or supplied directly by pharmacies for 45 patients on the basis of prescriptions with 1-year validity issued by the hospital* (Table 1). Much as it had been aimed to contact all patients with cancelled appointments, this objective was not attainable The patients who were not reached are likely to include those with low awareness and difficulty of adapting to infection prevention strategies. On the other hand, regardless of the level of awareness of the pandemic and compliance with the rules, phone use by these patients might have been limited by economic and environmental reasons, as well as the difficulties imposed by the pandemic. In conclusion, it is possible to say that most of the patients with schizophrenia were aware of the risk of COVID-19 infection, and understood and mostly obeyed the general health rules and advices of healthcare professionals even if they had difficulty in doing so. This could also have resulted from the nature of schizophrenia with preference for social isolation even if this can worsen the prognosis. On the other hand, patients need to be in contact with a mental healthcare professional in extraordinary situations of a pandemic. This survey did not find a remarkable increase in positive symptom severity in association with COVID-19 as most patients included in the survey had not seen a psychiatrist or mental healthcare professional for two months with 53 patients stating that they did not have to need.&#xA0; &#xA0;However, 58 patients also stated that despite planning to make a consultation after normalization of the quarantine measures, the anxiety of contagion outweighed the option of visiting outpatient clinics. This anxiety over Covid-19 infection, however, may make it difficult for patients to understand the level of the need to see a psychiatrist and may be associated with the assumption that the pandemic would be taken under control in the normalization process with a decrease in the risk of contagion. On the results of this survey, it may be concluded that strategies for prevention of COVID-19 spread were effective among schizophrenia patients and that there is need to develop a system that reaches all patients and keeps them socially connected during the COVID-19 pandemic. *In Turkey, prescription reports with 1-year validity are issued for patients with chronic disorders. The medications can only be prescribed by a specialist, and in the case of pyshchiatric disorders, by a consultant psychiatrist. When the report is confirmed by a hospital committee of specialists, a family doctor is able to issue prescriptions. According to the decision of the Ministry of Health, patients who have medication prescription reports valid for one year would be able to get their medicines directly from pharmacies without having to consult a psychiatrist or family doctor during the pandemic. &#xA0; &#xA0; &#xA0; &#xA0; &#xA0; &#xA0; &#xA0; REFERENCES Anadolu Agency (2020, Mach 11). Sa&#x11F;l&#x131;k Bakan&#x131; Koca T&#xFC;rkiye&#x2019;de ilk koronavir&#xFC;s vakas&#x131;n&#x131;n g&#xF6;r&#xFC;ld&#xFC;&#x11F;&#xFC;n&#xFC; a&#xE7;&#x131;klad&#x131;, https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/kor onavir us/ saglik-bakani-koca-turkiyede-ilk-koronavirus-vakasinin-goruldugunu- acikladi/1761466. Accessed 28 May 2020. &#xA0; Brown E, Gray R, Lo Monaco S et al (2020) The potential impact of COVID-19 on psychosis: A rapid review of contemporary epidemic and pandemic research. Schizophr Res 222:79-87. Cohn T, Prud&#x2019;homme D, Streiner D et al (2004) Characterizing coronary heart disease risk in chronic schizophrenia: High prevalence of the metabolic syndrome. Can J Psychiatry 49:753&#x2013;60. Cowan, HR (2020) Is schizophrenia research relevant during the COVID-19 pandemic?. Schizophr Res 220:271&#x2013;2. &#xC7;ak&#x131;ro&#x11F;lu S, Erta&#x15F; E, and Alyanak B (2020) Letter To The Editor - The Covid-19 Pandemic And Mental Health As Issues Considered Within The Context Of Adjustment Disorder And Psychosocial Interventions. Turk Psikiyatri Derg 31:148-50. Dinan T, Holt R, Kohen D et al (2004) &#x201C;Schizophrenia and diabetes 2003&#x201D; expert consensus meeting, Dublin, 3-4 october 2003: Consensus summary. Br J Psychiatry 184 (Suppl. 47): 0&#x2013;2. Krieger I, Bitan DT, Comaneshter D et al (2019) Increased risk of smoking- related illnesses in schizophrenia patients: A nationwide cohort study. Schizophr Res 212:121&#x2013;5. Palomar-Ciria N, del Valle PB, Hern&#xE1;ndez-Las Heras M&#xC1; et al (2020) Schizophrenia and COVID-19 delirium. Psychiatry Res 290:113137. Yao H, Chen JH, and Xu YF (2020) Patients with mental health disorders in the COVID-19 epidemic. Lancet Psychiatry 7: e21. World Health Organization (2020, Mart 25). Covid-19: Vulnerable and High Risk Group, Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, https:// www.who.int/westernpacific/emergencies/covid-19/information/high-risk- groups. Accessed 28 May 2020. &#xA0; &#xA0;</Abstract></Article><Article><Journal><PublisherName>T&#xFC;rkiye Sinir ve Ruh Sa&#x11F;l&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131; Derne&#x11F;i</PublisherName><JournalTitle>Turk Psikiyatri Derg</JournalTitle><Issn>1300-2163</Issn><Volume>32</Volume><Issue>3</Issue><PubDate><Year>2021</Year><Season>Fall</Season></PubDate></Journal><ArticleTitle>Edit&#xF6;re Mektup: &#xC7;EV&#x130;R&#x130;DE ATLANAN ANLAMLAR: T&#xDC;RK&#xC7;E B&#x130;L&#x130;MSEL YAZILARDA YAPILAN &#xC7;EV&#x130;R&#x130; YANLI&#x15E;LARI VE B&#x130;TMEYEN TER&#x130;MLEME SORUNLARI &#xDC;ZER&#x130;NE</ArticleTitle><FirstPage>222</FirstPage><LastPage>224</LastPage><Language>TR</Language><AuthorList><Author><FirstName>Mustafa</FirstName><LastName>Y&#x131;ld&#x131;z</LastName></Author></AuthorList><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pii">1230</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><Abstract>Say&#x131;n Edit&ouml;r, T&uuml;rk Psikiyatri Dergisi&rsquo;nin 31. Cildinin Bahar Say&#x131;s&#x131; &ouml;nyaz&#x131;s&#x131;nda yay&#x131;n y&ouml;netmeni Ayg&uuml;n Ertu&#x11F;rul (2020) &ldquo;&Ccedil;eviride Kaybolanlar&rdquo; ba&#x15F;l&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131;nda ele ald&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131; yaz&#x131;s&#x131;nda dilin ya&#x15F;ayan ve geli&#x15F;en bir canl&#x131; olarak alg&#x131;land&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131;n&#x131;, korunmas&#x131; ve geli&#x15F;mesi i&ccedil;in emek verilmesi gerekti&#x11F;ini, dergi olarak buna &ccedil;aba g&ouml;sterdiklerini belirtmektedir. T&uuml;rk&ccedil;enin bilim dili olarak varl&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131;n&#x131; s&uuml;rd&uuml;rmesi ve geli&#x15F;mesi i&ccedil;in derginin, kurulu&#x15F;undan bu yana M. Orhan &Ouml;zt&uuml;rk&rsquo;&uuml;n &ouml;nc&uuml;l&uuml;&#x11F;&uuml;nde &ouml;nemli i&#x15F;ler ba&#x15F;ard&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131; g&ouml;r&uuml;&#x15F;&uuml;ne ben de kat&#x131;l&#x131;yorum. Ne var ki onca &ccedil;abaya ra&#x11F;men gerek T&uuml;rk Psikiyatri Dergisi gerekse T&uuml;rk&ccedil;e yay&#x131;mlanan di&#x11F;er dergilerdeki bilimsel yaz&#x131;larda &ccedil;eviri yanl&#x131;&#x15F;lar&#x131;n&#x131;n ve terim/ kavram karma&#x15F;alar&#x131;n&#x131;n devam etti&#x11F;i g&ouml;r&uuml;lmektedir (Y&#x131;ld&#x131;z 2011). Bu sorunun &uuml;stesinden gelinmesi i&ccedil;in dergi yay&#x131;n y&ouml;netmenlerinin ya da yay&#x131;nc&#x131;lar&#x131;n daha kararl&#x131; ve tutarl&#x131; tutum tak&#x131;nmas&#x131; gerekti&#x11F;ine inan&#x131;yorum. Dil, konu&#x15F;arak, yazarak, kullanarak olu&#x15F;an ve geli&#x15F;en canl&#x131; bir dizgedir. E&#x11F;er yaz&#x131; dilinde yabanc&#x131; terimleri bolca kullan&#x131;r ve kimi zaman da anlat&#x131;m hatalar&#x131;na yol a&ccedil;acak d&uuml;zeyde &ccedil;eviri yanl&#x131;&#x15F;lar&#x131; yaparsak dili geli&#x15F;tirmek yerine yozla&#x15F;t&#x131;rm&#x131;&#x15F; oluruz. Konuya dil duyarl&#x131;l&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131; oldu&#x11F;unu s&ouml;yleyen ve T&uuml;rk&ccedil;ele&#x15F;me konusunda &ouml;nc&uuml;l&uuml;k yapan T&uuml;rk Psikiyatri Dergisi&rsquo;nin son say&#x131;s&#x131;ndan (31. Cilt, G&uuml;z Say&#x131;s&#x131;) baz&#x131; yaz&#x131; ba&#x15F;l&#x131;klar&#x131;n&#x131; g&ouml;zden ge&ccedil;irerek a&ccedil;&#x131;kl&#x131;k getirmek istiyorum. Bu say&#x131;n&#x131;n yaz&#x131;lar&#x131;n&#x131;n ba&#x15F;l&#x131;klar&#x131;na bakt&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131;m&#x131;zda, 159. sayfada &#x15F;&ouml;yle bir ba&#x15F;l&#x131;kla kar&#x15F;&#x131;la&#x15F;&#x131;yoruz: &ldquo;Klozapinin Hipokampusta Proton Manyetik Rezonans Spektroskopi Bulgular&#x131; &Uuml;zerine Etkisi&rdquo;. Ku&#x15F;kusuz ilk okumada ne anlatmak istedi&#x11F;i konuya &Ccedil;EV&#x130;R&#x130;DE ATLANAN ANLAMLAR: T&Uuml;RK&Ccedil;E B&#x130;L&#x130;MSEL YAZILARDA YAPILAN &Ccedil;EV&#x130;R&#x130; YANLI&#x15E;LARI VE B&#x130;TMEYEN TER&#x130;MLEME SORUNLARI &Uuml;ZER&#x130;NE yabanc&#x131; olmayanlar taraf&#x131;ndan anla&#x15F;&#x131;labiliyor. Ancak d&uuml;&#x15F;&uuml;n&uuml;ld&uuml;&#x11F;&uuml;nde; hipokampus &uuml;zerinde baz&#x131; de&#x11F;i&#x15F;iklikler oldu&#x11F;unu, bu de&#x11F;i&#x15F;ikliklerin klozapin kullan&#x131;m&#x131;na ba&#x11F;l&#x131; olabilece&#x11F;ini, bu de&#x11F;i&#x15F;ikliklerin Proton Manyetik Rezonans Spektroskopi ile saptanabilece&#x11F;ini anl&#x131;yoruz. Sonu&ccedil;ta &ldquo;klozapine ba&#x11F;l&#x131; hipokampus de&#x11F;i&#x15F;ikliklerinin Proton Manyetik Rezonans Spektroskopi ile ara&#x15F;t&#x131;r&#x131;lmas&#x131;&rdquo; ya da &ldquo;hipotakampusta klozapine ba&#x11F;l&#x131; olu&#x15F;an de&#x11F;i&#x15F;ikliklerin Proton Manyetik Rezonans Spektroskopi bulgular&#x131;&rdquo; ba&#x15F;l&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131;n&#x131;n durumu daha iyi anlataca&#x11F;&#x131; kolayca anla&#x15F;&#x131;labilir. Bu bilgiler &#x131;&#x15F;&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131;nda yeniden okundu&#x11F;unda dergideki ba&#x15F;l&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131;n asl&#x131;nda d&uuml;z &ccedil;eviriyi yans&#x131;tt&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131; ve T&uuml;rk&ccedil;e anlat&#x131;ma uygun olmad&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131; kolayca fark edilebilecektir. 168. sayfadaki ba&#x15F;l&#x131;k &ldquo;Obsesif Kompulsif Bozukluk Hastalar&#x131;n&#x131;n &#x130;nsanlar&#x131;n Bak&#x131;&#x15F; &#x130;&#x15F;aretine Spontan Olarak Odaklanmalar&#x131; Bozuktur: Bir G&ouml;z &#x130;zleme &Ccedil;al&#x131;&#x15F;mas&#x131;&rdquo; &#x15F;eklindedir. &#x15E;imdi d&uuml;&#x15F;&uuml;nelim; obsesif kompulsif bozukluk, tan&#x131; ad&#x131; olarak tak&#x131;nt&#x131; zorlant&#x131; bozuklu&#x11F;u &#x15F;eklinde Ruh Sa&#x11F;l&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131; ve Bozukluklar&#x131; kitab&#x131;nda (&Ouml;zt&uuml;rk ve Ulu&#x15F;ahin 2015) ge&ccedil;mekte iken dergi neden bu ba&#x15F;l&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131; ye&#x11F;lemi&#x15F; olabilir? Devam edelim ba&#x15F;l&#x131;&#x11F;a; &ldquo;&hellip; hastalar&#x131;n&#x131;n insanlar&#x131;n bak&#x131;&#x15F; i&#x15F;aretine spontan olarak odaklanmalar&#x131; bozuktur&rdquo;, burada ge&ccedil;en &ldquo;insanlar&#x131;n bak&#x131;&#x15F; i&#x15F;areti&rdquo; ne demektir? T&uuml;rk&ccedil;ede b&ouml;yle bir kavram var m&#x131;d&#x131;r? Bak&#x131;&#x15F;&#x131;n kendisi bir i&#x15F;arettir ve bu i&#x15F;aret ba&#x15F;kalar&#x131; taraf&#x131;ndan izlenebilir. Acaba bak&#x131;&#x15F; y&ouml;n&uuml; ya da bak&#x131;&#x15F; a&ccedil;&#x131;s&#x131; m&#x131; denmek isteniyor? Hastalar&#x131;n bu i&#x15F;arete spontan yani kendili&#x11F;inden odaklanmas&#x131; bozukmu&#x15F;. Bu ba&#x15F;l&#x131;k belli ki d&uuml;z &ccedil;eviri ve T&uuml;rk&ccedil;e olarak ilk okuyu&#x15F;ta usyap&#x131;ya (zihne) yabanc&#x131; geliyor. 174. sayfada yer alan &ldquo;Remisyonda Bipolar Bozuklukta Belirsizli&#x11F;e Tahamm&uuml;ls&uuml;zl&uuml;k, Ba&#x11F;lanma Bi&ccedil;imleri ve Klinik &Ouml;zelliklerin &#x130;li&#x15F;kisi&rdquo; ba&#x15F;l&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131;nda yer alan remisyon s&ouml;zc&uuml;&#x11F;&uuml;n&uuml;n T&uuml;rk&ccedil;e kar&#x15F;&#x131;l&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131; d&uuml;zelmedir. Bipolar bozukluk terimi i&ccedil;inse T&uuml;rk&ccedil;ede iki u&ccedil;lu bozukluk terimi kullan&#x131;lmaktad&#x131;r (&Ouml;zt&uuml;rk ve Ulu&#x15F;ahin 2015). Bu ba&#x15F;l&#x131;k &ldquo;d&uuml;zelme durumundaki iki u&ccedil;lu bozukluk hastalar&#x131;nda belirsizli&#x11F;e tahamm&uuml;ls&uuml;zl&uuml;k, ba&#x11F;lanma bi&ccedil;imleri ve klinik &ouml;zelliklerin ili&#x15F;kisi&rdquo; &#x15F;eklinde daha anla&#x15F;&#x131;l&#x131;r olarak T&uuml;rk&ccedil;e terimlerle yaz&#x131;labilirdi. 223 185. sayfada yer alan &ldquo;&Ouml;zg&uuml;l &Ouml;&#x11F;renme Bozuklu&#x11F;u Olan &Ccedil;ocuklarda Serum Beyin Kaynakl&#x131; N&ouml;rotrofik Fakt&ouml;r (BKNF) D&uuml;zeyi&rdquo; ba&#x15F;l&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131;ndaki &ldquo;serum beyin kaynakl&#x131;&rdquo; s&ouml;z&uuml; beyni t&#x131;rmalam&#x131;yor mu? Serum BDNF d&uuml;zeyi anla&#x15F;&#x131;labilir bir anlat&#x131;m olurdu, ancak BDNF a&ccedil;&#x131;k yaz&#x131;ld&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131;nda anlama zorlu&#x11F;u do&#x11F;uyor. E&#x11F;er T&uuml;rk&ccedil;e d&uuml;&#x15F;&uuml;n&uuml;lerek yaz&#x131;lm&#x131;&#x15F; olsayd&#x131; bu ba&#x15F;l&#x131;k, herhalde &ldquo;&hellip; beyin kaynakl&#x131; n&ouml;rotrofik fakt&ouml;r&uuml;n serum d&uuml;zeyi&rdquo; diye yaz&#x131;lm&#x131;&#x15F; olacakt&#x131;. 201. sayfada &ldquo;Otizm Spektrum Bozukluklar&#x131;nda Melatonin ve Sirkadiyen Ritim&rdquo; ba&#x15F;l&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131; yer al&#x131;yor. Bu ba&#x15F;l&#x131;ktaki spektrum ve sirkadiyen ritim T&uuml;rk&ccedil;e kar&#x15F;&#x131;l&#x131;klar&#x131; bulunan terimlerdir. Neden yelpaze, g&uuml;nl&uuml;k dizem gibi T&uuml;rk&ccedil;e s&ouml;zc&uuml;kler yerine &#x130;ngilizce s&ouml;zc&uuml;k kullan&#x131;m&#x131; ye&#x11F;lenmi&#x15F;? Oysaki Ruh Sa&#x11F;l&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131; ve Hastal&#x131;klar&#x131; T&uuml;rk&ccedil;e Terimler S&ouml;zl&uuml;&#x11F;&uuml;nde yabanc&#x131; terimlerin kar&#x15F;&#x131;l&#x131;klar&#x131; verilmektedir (Y&#x131;ld&#x131;z 2020). 212. sayfada &ldquo;Fekal Kontaminasyon ile Ortaya &Ccedil;&#x131;kan Munchausen by Proxy Sendromu: Bir Olgu Sunumu&rdquo; ba&#x15F;l&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131; yer al&#x131;yor. Bu ba&#x15F;l&#x131;kta 6 &#x130;ngilizce s&ouml;zc&uuml;&#x11F;e kar&#x15F;&#x131;n 6 T&uuml;rk&ccedil;e s&ouml;zc&uuml;k var. Dil duyarl&#x131;l&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131; olan bir dergi i&ccedil;in kabul edilebilir bir ba&#x15F;l&#x131;k olarak de&#x11F;erlendirilebilir mi? Yukar&#x131;daki &ouml;rneklere benzer &ccedil;ok say&#x131;da &ccedil;eviri, anlat&#x131;m ve yaz&#x131;m yanl&#x131;&#x15F;&#x131; saptanabilir. Do&#x11F;ald&#x131;r ki hi&ccedil;bir metin hatadan ar&#x131;n&#x131;k de&#x11F;ildir. Dikkatle aran&#x131;rsa her yaz&#x131;da b&uuml;y&uuml;k olas&#x131;l&#x131;kla yanl&#x131;&#x15F; anlat&#x131;m ve yaz&#x131;mlar bulunur. Ancak T&uuml;rk&ccedil;e terim kullanma ve T&uuml;rk&ccedil;e yaz&#x131;m konusunda duyarl&#x131;l&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131; olan dergilerin daha fazla dikkatli olmas&#x131; ve benimsedi&#x11F;i &ouml;&#x11F;retici rol&uuml;ne uygun hareket etmesi gerekir. Zor bir g&ouml;revdir, ama yap&#x131;lmas&#x131; gereken bir i&#x15F;tir. &Ouml;zellikle dile dayal&#x131; bir mesle&#x11F;in &uuml;yeleri olarak bu konudaki duyarl&#x131;l&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131;m&#x131;z&#x131; s&uuml;rekli beslemeliyiz. Anlamay&#x131; zorla&#x15F;t&#x131;racak ya da engelleyecek &ccedil;evirilerin saptan&#x131;p d&uuml;zeltilmesi yaz&#x131;n&#x131;n yaz&#x131;m hedefine ula&#x15F;mas&#x131;n&#x131; sa&#x11F;layacakt&#x131;r. Yay&#x131;n y&ouml;netmeni ayn&#x131; &ouml;nyaz&#x131;da duygular&#x131; anlatan s&ouml;zc&uuml;klerin her ekinde (k&uuml;lt&uuml;rde) ayn&#x131; anlama gelmeyebilece&#x11F;ini, &ccedil;eviride kay&#x131;plar ya&#x15F;anabilece&#x11F;ini &ouml;rnekler vererek a&ccedil;&#x131;klamaktad&#x131;r. Ruh sa&#x11F;l&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131; ve hastal&#x131;klar&#x131; uzmanlar&#x131;n&#x131;n mesleklerini dille yapt&#x131;klar&#x131;na ve hastalar&#x131;n ekinsel arka-planlar&#x131;na g&ouml;re s&ouml;zc&uuml;klerin farkl&#x131; anlamlar ta&#x15F;&#x131;yabilece&#x11F;ine dikkat &ccedil;ekmektedir. Ruh sa&#x11F;l&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131;n&#x131;n anadilde de&#x11F;erlendirilmesi gerekti&#x11F;i &uuml;zerine vurgu yapmakta ve farkl&#x131; &uuml;lkelerde ya&#x15F;ayan g&ouml;&ccedil;menlerin ekinsel farkl&#x131;l&#x131;klardan dolay&#x131; yanl&#x131;&#x15F; tan&#x131; al&#x131;p tedavi g&ouml;rebildiklerini, ki&#x15F;ilerin duygular&#x131;n&#x131; ba&#x15F;ka bir dilde anlat&#x131;rken eksilebildiklerini dile getirmektedir. S&#x131;n&#x131;rlar&#x131;n belirsizle&#x15F;ti&#x11F;i &ldquo;modern zamanlar&rdquo; d&uuml;nyas&#x131;nda fazlaca g&ouml;&ccedil;men bar&#x131;nd&#x131;ran &uuml;lkemizde de bu konunun duyarl&#x131;l&#x131;kla ele al&#x131;nmas&#x131; ve yabanc&#x131;lar i&ccedil;in kendi ekinlerinden uzmanlardan yard&#x131;m al&#x131;nmas&#x131;n&#x131;n uygun olaca&#x11F;&#x131;n&#x131; belirtmektedir. Dil, ulusu ulus yapan en &ouml;nemli etmenlerden birisidir. Anadilini &ouml;&#x11F;renerek yeti&#x15F;en ku&#x15F;aklar ayn&#x131; dil ortam&#x131;nda ayn&#x131; ekinin yeti&#x15F;ti&#x11F;i tarlan&#x131;n &uuml;r&uuml;nleri olarak benzer &ouml;zellikler geli&#x15F;tirir. Anadilin ta&#x15F;&#x131;d&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131; bu &ouml;zellikler ekinsel gizbilgiler (&#x15F;ifreler) olarak ku&#x15F;aktan ku&#x15F;a&#x11F;a aktar&#x131;l&#x131;r. Her bir s&ouml;zc&uuml;k kullan&#x131;ld&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131; ba&#x11F;lamda yeni anlamlar kazan&#x131;r. Kazan&#x131;lan bu anlamlarla da de&#x11F;i&#x15F;ik zaman ve mekanlarda daha yeni anlamlar &uuml;retmek i&ccedil;in kullan&#x131;c&#x131;lar&#x131;n&#x131; bekler. Dil kendi k&ouml;klerinden t&uuml;reyerek b&uuml;y&uuml;yen bir a&#x11F;a&ccedil; gibi s&uuml;rekli filizlenir, dallan&#x131;r, meyveye durur ve kendisini kullanan bireylerin usyap&#x131;lar&#x131;n&#x131;, ruhsal &ouml;zelliklerini, toplumsal &#x131;ralar&#x131;n&#x131; belirler. Bu nedenle dile dayal&#x131; tan&#x131; ve tedavinin ger&ccedil;ekle&#x15F;ti&#x11F;i ruh sa&#x11F;l&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131; ve hastal&#x131;klar&#x131; alan&#x131;nda tedavicilerin tedavi olanlarla ayn&#x131; dili kullan&#x131;yor olmas&#x131; temel &ouml;neme sahiptir. S&ouml;zc&uuml;klerin arkalar&#x131;nda saklad&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131; binlerce anlam sarmal&#x131;n&#x131; ancak ayn&#x131; ekinden beslenmi&#x15F; olan ki&#x15F;iler kavrayabilir. En az&#x131;ndan hastan&#x131;n anla&#x15F;&#x131;lm&#x131;&#x15F; oldu&#x11F;unu hissedece&#x11F;i d&uuml;zeyde bir ileti&#x15F;im i&ccedil;in yaln&#x131;zca &ouml;nyarg&#x131;s&#x131;z ve y&uuml;ks&uuml;z olmak yetmiyor ayn&#x131; zamanda hastan&#x131;n ekinsel ge&ccedil;mi&#x15F;ini anlayabilmek de gerekiyor. Bu durum sadece farkl&#x131; ekinlerden hastalarla olan g&ouml;r&uuml;&#x15F;meler i&ccedil;in de&#x11F;il ayn&#x131; ekinden ama farkl&#x131; toplumsal katmanlardan gelen hastalarla yap&#x131;lan g&ouml;r&uuml;&#x15F;meler i&ccedil;in de ge&ccedil;erlidir. Bilimciler konu&#x15F;tuklar&#x131; dili &ccedil;o&#x11F;unlukla yaz&#x131;l&#x131; anlat&#x131;mlardan &ouml;&#x11F;renir. Hastalara ya da halka y&ouml;nelik yap&#x131;lan a&ccedil;&#x131;klamalar da do&#x11F;al olarak yaz&#x131; dilinin yans&#x131;mas&#x131; olur. Ancak hastas&#x131;yla konu&#x15F;an bir uzman&#x131;n hastal&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131; ve tedaviyi anlat&#x131;rken zorland&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131;n&#x131;, hasta i&ccedil;in yeniden &ccedil;eviri yapt&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131;n&#x131; kolayca g&ouml;zlemleyebiliriz. Klinik ortamlarda hastalar&#x131;m&#x131;zla konu&#x15F;urken obsesyon yerine tak&#x131;nt&#x131;, kompulsiyon yerine tak&#x131;nt&#x131;l&#x131; davran&#x131;&#x15F;, travma yerine ruhsal &ouml;rselenme, anksiyete yerine kayg&#x131;, depresyon yerine ruhsal &ccedil;&ouml;k&uuml;nt&uuml;, somatizasyon yerine bedenselle&#x15F;tirme, konversiyon yerine d&ouml;nd&uuml;rme, psikoz yerine &ccedil;&#x131;ld&#x131;r&#x131;, kognisyon yerine bili&#x15F;, insomni yerine uykusuzluk, n&ouml;ro&#x15F;ir&uuml;rji yerine beyin cerrahisi terimlerini kullanmaktay&#x131;z. Verilebilecek ba&#x15F;ka &ouml;rnekleri de d&uuml;&#x15F;&uuml;nd&uuml;&#x11F;&uuml;m&uuml;zde tedavide as&#x131;l ve &ouml;nemli olan&#x131;n anlama ve anla&#x15F;may&#x131; sa&#x11F;layan ileti&#x15F;im oldu&#x11F;unu hepimiz kabul ederiz. Ancak nedense bilimsel yaz&#x131;larda, sunum ve derslerde yabanc&#x131; terim kullanmay&#x131; &ccedil;ekinmeden s&uuml;rd&uuml;r&uuml;r&uuml;z. Ku&#x15F;kusuz bunun anla&#x15F;&#x131;lmazl&#x131;k ve b&uuml;y&uuml;selli&#x11F;e s&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131;nma, yetersizli&#x11F;i bast&#x131;rma, &ouml;zenti, dili iktidar arac&#x131; olarak kullanma, &ccedil;eviride kolayc&#x131;l&#x131;k gibi kendine &ouml;zg&uuml; nedenleri olabilir (&Ouml;zt&uuml;rk 2012, Y&#x131;ld&#x131;z 2017). Ama sonu&ccedil;ta olan dile oluyor. Dil, geli&#x15F;im kaynaklar&#x131;n&#x131; kurutacak, kendi tohumlar&#x131;n&#x131;n filizlenmesini &ouml;nleyecek bi&ccedil;imde yabanc&#x131; s&ouml;zc&uuml;klerin i&#x15F;gali alt&#x131;nda kal&#x131;yor. Yabanc&#x131; s&ouml;zc&uuml;klerden T&uuml;rk&ccedil;e okunu&#x15F;uyla terimle&#x15F;en her s&ouml;zc&uuml;k yeni bir T&uuml;rk&ccedil;e s&ouml;zc&uuml;&#x11F;&uuml;n do&#x11F;u&#x15F;u &ouml;n&uuml;nde engel olarak dikeliyor. E&#x11F;er dilimizi kullanmaz ve kolaya ka&ccedil;arak s&uuml;rekli yabanc&#x131; s&ouml;zc&uuml;klerden terim dev&#x15F;irirsek bir g&uuml;n ana dilimizi kullanmaya gerek kalmayabilir. &Ccedil;&uuml;nk&uuml; anla&#x15F;&#x131;lmaz hale gelen yeni bir dil t&uuml;remi&#x15F; olur. Bu kez, s&ouml;m&uuml;rge &uuml;lkelerde oldu&#x11F;u gibi, e&#x11F;itim t&uuml;mden yabanc&#x131; dilden olsun anlay&#x131;&#x15F;&#x131; ge&ccedil;erlilik kazan&#x131;r. Ruh sa&#x11F;l&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131; ve hastal&#x131;klar&#x131; e&#x11F;itiminde dili belirleyen kaynak kitaplardan birisinde yer alan &ccedil;eviri yanl&#x131;&#x15F;&#x131; &uuml;zerine bir &ouml;rnek daha vererek olay&#x131;n &ouml;nemini vurgulamak istiyorum. Kocaeli &Uuml;niversitesi T&#x131;p Fak&uuml;ltesi Ruh Sa&#x11F;l&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131; ve Hastal&#x131;klar&#x131; Anabilim Dal&#x131;&rsquo;n&#x131;n 2020-21 G&uuml;z d&ouml;nemi e&#x11F;itim program&#x131; &ccedil;er&ccedil;evesinde bedensel belirti bozuklu&#x11F;u (BBB) ile ilgili yap&#x131;lan sunumda bir c&uuml;mle kula&#x11F;&#x131;m&#x131; t&#x131;rmalad&#x131;. BBB&rsquo;nin tan&#x131; 224 Geli&#x15F; Tarihi: 26.12.2020, Kabul Tarihi: 11.01.2021, &Ccedil;evrimi&ccedil;i Yay&#x131;n Tarihi: 16.08.2021 Prof., Kocaeli &Uuml;niv., T&#x131;p Fak., Ruh Sa&#x11F;l&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131; ve Hastal&#x131;klar&#x131; AD., Kocaeli. MY: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0769-1628 Dr. Mustafa Y&#x131;ld&#x131;z, e-posta: myildiz60@yahoo.com https://doi.org/10.5080/u26242 &ouml;l&ccedil;&uuml;tlerinde (APA 2013) yer alan B maddesinin 3. bendi &#x15F;&ouml;yle yaz&#x131;yordu: &ldquo;Bu belirtilere ya da sa&#x11F;l&#x131;k kayg&#x131;lar&#x131;na a&#x15F;&#x131;r&#x131; zaman ve i&ccedil;sel g&uuml;&ccedil; harcan&#x131;r&rdquo;. Burada yer alan i&ccedil;sel g&uuml;&ccedil; terimi ilgin&ccedil; geldi bana. G&uuml;nl&uuml;k konu&#x15F;malar&#x131;m&#x131;zda bulunmayan bir kavramla kar&#x15F;&#x131;la&#x15F;t&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131;m&#x131;z&#x131; d&uuml;&#x15F;&uuml;nd&uuml;m. Sunumu yapan ara&#x15F;t&#x131;rman arkada&#x15F;&#x131;ma i&ccedil;sel g&uuml;c&uuml; neyin kar&#x15F;&#x131;l&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131; olarak &ccedil;evirdi&#x11F;ini sordum. O da T&uuml;rk&ccedil;e DSM-5 &ccedil;evirisinden ald&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131;n&#x131; s&ouml;yledi (APB 2013). DSM-5&rsquo;in &#x130;ngilizcesinde (APA 2013) ne yazd&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131;n&#x131; merak ettim. C&uuml;mle &#x15F;&ouml;yleydi: &ldquo;Excessive time and energy devoted to these symptoms or health concerns.&rdquo; Burada i&ccedil;sel g&uuml;c&uuml;n enerji kar&#x15F;&#x131;l&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131;nda kullan&#x131;ld&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131; anla&#x15F;&#x131;l&#x131;yor. &ldquo;Belirtiler ve sa&#x11F;l&#x131;k konusunda a&#x15F;&#x131;r&#x131; zaman ve enerji harcama&rdquo; &#x15F;eklinde yap&#x131;lacak &ccedil;eviriyi T&uuml;rk&ccedil;e okuyan ya da dinleyen herkes kolayca anlayabilir. Ancak &ldquo;a&#x15F;&#x131;r&#x131; i&ccedil;sel g&uuml;&ccedil; harcama&rdquo; durumu ilk okuma ya da duymada insan&#x131;n kula&#x11F;&#x131;n&#x131; t&#x131;rmalamaktad&#x131;r. Enerji harcamak, kolayca anla&#x15F;&#x131;labilece&#x11F;i gibi, i&ccedil;sel ya da d&#x131;&#x15F;sal kaynak harcamak anlam&#x131;ndad&#x131;r ki BBB&rsquo;si olan ki&#x15F;i i&ccedil;in de b&ouml;ylesi bir durum s&ouml;z konusudur. &Ccedil;evirmen enerjiyi neden i&ccedil;sel g&uuml;&ccedil; olarak &ccedil;evirmi&#x15F;ti acaba? Do&#x11F;rudan enerji denseydi daha kolay anla&#x15F;&#x131;lmaz m&#x131;yd&#x131;? Enerji yerine T&uuml;rk&ccedil;e bir terim kullan&#x131;lmak isteniyorsa e&#x11F;er, erke denebilirdi ya da yaln&#x131;zca g&uuml;&ccedil; harcanmas&#x131;ndan s&ouml;z edilebilirdi. &#x130;&ccedil;sel g&uuml;&ccedil; denince ruhsal (psikolojik) ya da i&ccedil; d&uuml;nyayla ilgili oldu&#x11F;u d&uuml;&#x15F;&uuml;n&uuml;len yeni bir terim &ccedil;a&#x11F;r&#x131;&#x15F;&#x131;m&#x131; geliyor insan&#x131;n usuna. BBB&rsquo;si olan ki&#x15F;inin belirtileriyle ilgili olarak a&#x15F;&#x131;r&#x131; zaman ve enerji harcamas&#x131;n&#x131;n kolay anla&#x15F;&#x131;labilirli&#x11F;i yerine bu &ccedil;eviriyle us yeni bir bili&#x15F;sel i&#x15F;leme y&ouml;nlendirilerek i&ccedil;sel g&uuml;&ccedil; terimi i&ccedil;in bellekte arama/tarama yapmaya, gereksiz yere erke harcamaya zorlanmaktad&#x131;r. DSM-5&rsquo;le ilgili &ccedil;eviri sorunlar&#x131; T&uuml;rk Psikiyatri Dergisi&rsquo;nde yay&#x131;mlanan iki mektupta dile getirilmi&#x15F;ti (&Ouml;zt&uuml;rk 2014, Y&#x131;ld&#x131;z 2014). Bu maddedeki hata da dikkate al&#x131;n&#x131;nca DSM-5&rsquo;in T&uuml;rk&ccedil;e &ccedil;evirisinin yeniden ele al&#x131;nmas&#x131; gerekti&#x11F;i s&ouml;ylenebilir. &Uuml;lkemizde ruh sa&#x11F;l&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131; ve hastal&#x131;klar&#x131; alan&#x131; da di&#x11F;er bilim alanlar&#x131;nda oldu&#x11F;u gibi &ccedil;o&#x11F;unlukla &ccedil;eviri metinlerdeki bilgilerle geli&#x15F;mi&#x15F;tir. Bu &ccedil;evirilerdeki terimler de genellikle &ccedil;evirmenlerin bilgi birikimi ve anlay&#x131;&#x15F;&#x131;n&#x131; yans&#x131;tmaktad&#x131;r. Ne yaz&#x131;k ki &ccedil;evirmenler &ccedil;o&#x11F;unlukla alan&#x131;nda uzman olmayan ki&#x15F;ilerdir. &Ccedil;evirinin bir yeniden yaz&#x131;m, &ccedil;evirmenin de kitab&#x131;n ortak yazar&#x131; oldu&#x11F;u &ccedil;o&#x11F;u kez unutulmu&#x15F;tur. Baz&#x131; &ccedil;evirilerinse neredeyse &ccedil;evriliverdi&#x11F;i g&ouml;r&uuml;lmektedir. &Ccedil;evirilerin alanda uzman olan ki&#x15F;iler taraf&#x131;ndan ve t&#x131;pk&#x131;-&ccedil;eviri &#x15F;eklinde de&#x11F;il, &ccedil;evrildi&#x11F;i ekinden insanlar&#x131;n anlayaca&#x11F;&#x131; &#x15F;ekilde yap&#x131;lmas&#x131; gerekti&#x11F;i bilinmektedir (&Uuml;lker 2019). Alanda &ccedil;al&#x131;&#x15F;an uzman ve bilimcilerin halk&#x131;n kulland&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131; s&#x131;radan ve anla&#x15F;&#x131;l&#x131;r s&ouml;zc&uuml;klere terim olma hakk&#x131;n&#x131; tan&#x131;mas&#x131; bir&ccedil;ok &ccedil;eviri sorununa &ccedil;&ouml;z&uuml;m getirecektir. Hastan&#x131;n tak&#x131;nt&#x131;l&#x131; d&uuml;&#x15F;&uuml;ncelerim var, bunlar&#x131; akl&#x131;mdan &ccedil;&#x131;karmakta zorlan&#x131;yorum diye yak&#x131;nd&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131; bir durumda uzmanlara tak&#x131;nt&#x131; s&ouml;zc&uuml;&#x11F;&uuml;ne terim olma hakk&#x131; tan&#x131;mak d&uuml;&#x15F;er. &#x130;&ccedil;imde bungunluk var, i&ccedil;im yan&#x131;yor diye yak&#x131;nan bir hastan&#x131;n hastal&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131;n&#x131; tan&#x131;mlamak i&ccedil;in kulland&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131; bu s&ouml;zc&uuml;kler terim olarak benimsenmelidir. Bizim &ccedil;ocuk ta&#x15F;k&#x131;nla&#x15F;t&#x131;, delirdi diye gelen ailenin kulland&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131; s&ouml;zc&uuml;kler hastal&#x131;&#x11F;&#x131; tan&#x131;mlamak i&ccedil;in de kullan&#x131;lmal&#x131;d&#x131;r. T&uuml;rk&ccedil;ede co&#x15F;u, co&#x15F;ma, co&#x15F;kunluk, co&#x15F;untu gibi s&ouml;zc&uuml;kler varken iki u&ccedil;lu bozuklu&#x11F;un y&uuml;kselme ya da ta&#x15F;k&#x131;nl&#x131;k d&ouml;nemi i&ccedil;in hipomani ya da mani terimlerini kullanmaya devam etmenin ge&ccedil;erli bir nedeni yoktur. Bilimciler ve uzmanlar her dilden kayna&#x11F;&#x131; okuyarak alanlar&#x131;nda derinlemesine bilgilenebilir, ancak hastalar&#x131;yla konu&#x15F;urken ya da e&#x11F;itim yaparken t&uuml;mden anla&#x15F;&#x131;l&#x131;r ve kolay &ouml;&#x11F;renilir T&uuml;rk&ccedil;e terim kullanmaya &ouml;zen g&ouml;stermelidirler. Bunu ba&#x15F;armak zor de&#x11F;ildir. B&uuml;t&uuml;n mesele &ouml;zg&uuml;venle anadilini bilimsel dil olarak benimsemektir. Gereksindi&#x11F;imiz tek &#x15F;ey kararl&#x131; ve tutarl&#x131; dil bilincidir. Bu mektupla derginin yay&#x131;n y&ouml;netmeninin bilim dili, anla&#x15F;&#x131;l&#x131;r terim ve &ccedil;eviriler &uuml;zerine yapm&#x131;&#x15F; oldu&#x11F;u vurguyu kutlamak istedim. T&uuml;rk Psikiyatri Dergisi yay&#x131;n kurulu ve dan&#x131;&#x15F;manlar&#x131;n&#x131;n bu konuda &ouml;nc&uuml;l&uuml;k yapmaya ve yol a&ccedil;maya devam etmesini dilerim.</Abstract></Article></ArticleSet>
